Story Analisys by Etgar Keret Sample Essay

Story Analisys by Etgar Keret Sample Essay Let’s imagine that someone caught a goldfish. There’s no need in asking that person to tell us what three wishes he or she will make. Why? Because we know in advance that they will answer something like may all be healthy and happy and may peace rue in the world. Let’s consider another situation when that person isn’t in a hurry. Well start all over again. There is no one around. Not a soul. Only one human and the fish. And no one will ever know what he pr she has in mind. Quite other thoughts start to move, don’t they? Let’s consider another person who is over thirty for a long time. In the mirror he or she sees a face with wrinkles, the hair has turned gray or even noticeably thinned out. That human has achieved a lot in life and he or she is tired. Let’s imagine that he or she suddenly appeared again in the parental home and mom hurries him or her to wash hands and sit at the table. And on the table there is already the favorite dish as only the mother knows how to cook it. Its just a dream, and you need to wake up. But maybe you should not rush? How often do you lie? Never!, you will exclaim and you will be right. Of course, this is the most popular answer! And when the truth will hurt someone takes the second place. Well, you can not argue with that either. Most often, we do not even report to ourselves that we are not telling the truth. And, of course, we immediately forget that we lied. And what will you do if you suddenly find yourself in a parallel world created by your long-forgotten lie, the reality in which the invented by you people live and make good? This is how the modern Israeli writer Etgar Keret is unceremoniously tinkering in the readers soul. Kerets story about the golden fish and his question “What of this goldfish would you wish?” is both absurd and realistic. Fantasy interferes with life and makes one realize the reality. Keret makes you experience, and emotions change one another with incredible speed. Then you are sad, sometimes happy, sometimes ashamed, then almost physically hurt, and often its some kind of infernal mixture of love, anguish and something else. Etgar Keret is a recognized master of a short absurdist story. His works can not be taken literally as you need to read it abstracting yourself from reality and believing that the fish can speak, the moon can be just bought and bought for 10 bucks, and that even though the dinosaurs have already died, their eggs have remained in different places and If we find them and we have personal dinosaurs, we can go to school and give them names. Keret’s story about the golden fish won’t be too pleasant for everyone, but it doesn’t leave anyone indifferent.

Story Analisys by Etgar Keret Sample Essay

Story Analisys by Etgar Keret Sample Essay Let’s imagine that someone caught a goldfish. There’s no need in asking that person to tell us what three wishes he or she will make. Why? Because we know in advance that they will answer something like may all be healthy and happy and may peace rue in the world. Let’s consider another situation when that person isn’t in a hurry. Well start all over again. There is no one around. Not a soul. Only one human and the fish. And no one will ever know what he pr she has in mind. Quite other thoughts start to move, don’t they? Let’s consider another person who is over thirty for a long time. In the mirror he or she sees a face with wrinkles, the hair has turned gray or even noticeably thinned out. That human has achieved a lot in life and he or she is tired. Let’s imagine that he or she suddenly appeared again in the parental home and mom hurries him or her to wash hands and sit at the table. And on the table there is already the favorite dish as only the mother knows how to cook it. Its just a dream, and you need to wake up. But maybe you should not rush? How often do you lie? Never!, you will exclaim and you will be right. Of course, this is the most popular answer! And when the truth will hurt someone takes the second place. Well, you can not argue with that either. Most often, we do not even report to ourselves that we are not telling the truth. And, of course, we immediately forget that we lied. And what will you do if you suddenly find yourself in a parallel world created by your long-forgotten lie, the reality in which the invented by you people live and make good? This is how the modern Israeli writer Etgar Keret is unceremoniously tinkering in the readers soul. Kerets story about the golden fish and his question “What of this goldfish would you wish?” is both absurd and realistic. Fantasy interferes with life and makes one realize the reality. Keret makes you experience, and emotions change one another with incredible speed. Then you are sad, sometimes happy, sometimes ashamed, then almost physically hurt, and often its some kind of infernal mixture of love, anguish and something else. Etgar Keret is a recognized master of a short absurdist story. His works can not be taken literally as you need to read it abstracting yourself from reality and believing that the fish can speak, the moon can be just bought and bought for 10 bucks, and that even though the dinosaurs have already died, their eggs have remained in different places and If we find them and we have personal dinosaurs, we can go to school and give them names. Keret’s story about the golden fish won’t be too pleasant for everyone, but it doesn’t leave anyone indifferent.

The Trauma of Childhood Sexual Abuse Essay - 1694 Words

An estimated 39 million survivors of childhood sexual abuse exist in America today (Darness2Light, 2009a ). This figure continues to grow daily as perpetrators of this crime continue in this destructive path. The definition of child sexual abuse is the force, coercion, or cajoling of children into sexual activities by a dominant adult or adolescent. Sexual abuse of children includes touching (physical) sexually including: fondling; penetration (vaginal or anal using fingers, foreign objects or offenders organs; oral sex, or non-physical contact including: sexual comments; indecent exposures; masturbating in a child’s presence; child prostitution or child pornography (Child Welfare, 2009a). However, these sexual acts can occur in†¦show more content†¦It should be noted that statistics show that 1 in 4 girls is sexually abused before the age 18; 1 in 6 boys is sexually abused before the age of 18; 1 in 5 children are solicited sexually while on the internet (Darknes s2light, 2009c). Also children who are ill, disabled, or otherwise perceived as different are more likely targets of abuse(Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2009). The physical sexual abuse of children is a sex crime that carries severe penalties by law. Additionally, a note should be made that over 75% of serial rapists report they were sexually abused as youngsters (Darkness2Light, 2009d). But even though there may be an overstatement of child physical sexual abuse (CPSA), its impact can cause severe psychological, and behavioral problems that threatens the family unit and society in general. Children who are physically sexually abused can experience trauma and impediments in the development of the brain. Additionally, Perry (2009) states that the majority of critical structure and functional organization takes place in childhood, and by the age of three the brain has reached 90% of adult size. During this time any experience the child undergoes will last a lifetime. Among th e psychological effects of CPSA are intense fear, depression, and anger. Victims also suffer from the long-term effects ofShow MoreRelatedConsequences Of Childhood Sexual Abuse1744 Words   |  7 PagesAbuse Circumstances The wide variety of potentially harmful consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) can also be better identified and understood when considering the abuse circumstances. Factors such as the severity of the abusive act, victim’s age, the frequency and duration of the abuse, the relationship the victim had with their abuser and if physical violence was involved are all key factors that contribute to the degree of trauma experienced by the victim and the varies long-term harmfulRead MoreChildhood Trauma Can Have A Significant Impact On The Behaviour1460 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood trauma can have a significant impact on the behaviour of an individual. Previous research has shown how trauma causes behavioral problems and can also result in mental disorders in the person. Studies conducted by Gabriele et al. (2002) and Sara et al. (2013) show how incidences of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse are widespread in patients with bipolar disorder. Gabriele et al. (2002) conducted the research to find out the impact of adverse childhood events, mainly physical andRead MorePsychological Aspects Of Sexually Abused Women And The Trauma Recovery And Empowerment1593 Words   |  7 Pagesabused women and the trauma recovery and empowerment. Sexual abuse can be well defined as sexual assaults and sexual exploitation of the individual, which include the following: Rape, Incest, Molestation and Voyeurism. An assortment of 15 empirical studies will compare and contrast their findings of psychological sexual abuse and trauma recovery. Individuals that are victims of sexual abuse can undergo many issues for the victim to inflict upon. Despite the fact that sexual abuse does mark males, womenRead MoreChildhood Trauma and the Impact of Adulthood1381 Words   |  6 Pagestheir childhood(s). Lenore C. Terr (January, 1999) states, Childhood trauma appears to be a critical etiological factor in the development of a number of serious disorder s both in childhood and in adulthood. To better understand childhood trauma, Terr defines this as, the mental result of one sudden, external or a series of blows, rendering the young person temporarily helpless and breaking past ordinary coping and defense operations (January, 1999). The statistics of childhood trauma is alarmingRead MoreHow Trauma Affects Coping : A Brazilian Study Of Twenty One Female Bipolar Patients1712 Words   |  7 PagesHow Trauma Affects Coping A Brazilian study of thirty-one female Bipolar patients, using the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and Brief COPE, investigated the effect trauma had on coping and bipolar disorder. Of the participants, 80% of reported during childhood they had experienced emotional abuse, 68% reported physical abuse, 63% reported physical neglect. Emotional neglect was reported in 43% of individuals, 27% reported sexual abuse. (Daruy-Filho, Brietzke, Kluwe-SchiavonRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse and Its Impact on The Developing Brain, An Annotated Bibliography846 Words   |  4 Pages1) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Gaskill, Richard L. and Perry, Bruce D. (2012) â€Å"Child Sexual Abuse, Traumatic Experiences, and Their Impact on the Developing Brain† Handbook of Child Sexual Abuse: Identification, Assessment, and Treatment. Online. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118094822.ch2/pdf Annotated Bibliography: In this article, the author is making an argument that sexual abuse causes brain development problems inRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Child Sexual Abuse1467 Words   |  6 PagesLong-term effects of child sexual abuse Child Abuse can be a fundamental reason of causing issues for children and young people in physically and mentally. The primitive damage caused by child sexual abuse effect on the child’s developing capacities for trust, intimacy, agency and sexuality so that child sexual abuse is considered as a trigger of mental health problems and increase the risk of major depressive disorder in early adulthood or throughout their lifetime. There is a fact that thoseRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse On A Person s Life Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesplay into the prevalence of substance abuse in a person’s life. From the moment a person is born into this world, social experiences and interactions start molding that person into the individual they predominantly are classified as. With that being said, researchers have found that traumatic experiences and dysfunction endured at a young age is highly correlated with the abuse of substances later in life. Trauma may include the child enduring any type of abuse, or neglect and a breakage in bonds withRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social problem; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead MoreChildhood Sexual Abuse : A Complex Multiphasic Process Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesThe development of sexuality is a complex multiphasic process. Many factors influence the process. Developing healthy sexual identity, expression, function, and relationship is not an easy task for the most people. Childhood sexual abuse makes the already complicate process even more so (Firestone, Firestone, Catlett, 2006). Abusers impose adult sexual desire to their child victims. The victimized children associate intimacy with negative feelings and thoughts such as shame and fear. Therefore

Muslim Mosque And The Mosque Essay - 1465 Words

I chose a Muslim Mosque for my site visit in Miami Gardens which is call Masjid. A Mosque is a building in which Muslims worship God. The religion is Islam and Islam means â€Å"submission to the will of God.†Islam teaches belief in only one God, the Day of Judgment and individual accountability for actions. Islam greatly values peace. Islam shares the same Abrahamic heritage as Judaism and Christianity and, therefore, espouses many similar beliefs and practices. Among them are belief in angels, prophets and scriptures and practices such as prayer, fasting and charity.Islam is one of the fastest growing religions in the world. To become Muslim, a person of any race or culture must say a simple statement, the shahadah, that bears witness to the belief in the One God and that Muhammad is a prophet of God. Mosque come in all shapes and sizes depends on the Muslim populations in certain areas. The one I went to is the largest Mosque in South Florida. The Mosque is 2,500 square and is organized by committee call the Muslim Associated with the ISNA( Islamic Society of North America). Participants come from different nations including Pakistan, India, Iran, Turkey, and Bosnia , as well as countries in Africa and South America. Most Muslim who attend this Mosque is Immigrant and some are converts born in the US. The mosque is open to every Muslim. While Sunni Muslims comprise the majority, a small number of Shi’i Muslims attend as well. The mosque officers do not promote any tradition,Show MoreRelatedThe Rock Muslim Mosque3079 Words   |  13 Pagesto the Muslim people reached the ripe age of 90 years old and began to have children (Behind the Name). His first son Ishmael was born to him through his young Egyptian wife Hagar. His second son Isaac was born through his 90-year-old wife Sarah. Two wives, two sons, one land as an inheritance, and the rest is history (Palizzi). Thousands of years later and the battle still rages in the small area of land next to the Mediterranean Sea where to this day still stand the dome of the rock Muslim mosqueRead MoreHow Muslims Worship in a Mosque780 Words   |  4 Pages A mosque (Masjid in Arabic) is a place for Muslims to worship God. The sacred space that I visited is â€Å"Dar AlHjrah† mosque in Falls church, VA. In my country every neighborhood has a mosque and each mosque has different shape and Design. Dar AlHjrah mosque had everything a mosque has. There’s â€Å"minaret† which is a slim tower attached to the mosque. The â€Å"minaret† shape was octagonal with pointed roof. The reason for the â€Å"minaret† tower is to make the call for prayer (Adhan). The color of theRead MoreThe Muslim Mosque, A Hindu Temple Of The Sun, Masses Of Men Essay2039 Words   |  9 Pagestime, all masses have continued to look to their opus’ from which they draw their mirages of the world. Despite all hardships, they continue to look to author who asks from them, simply one thing: simply compassion. In this house of worship, A Muslim mosque, a Catholic church, a Jewish temple, a Hindu mandir, or perhaps something entirely different, one can find man’s similarity through all his differences. The one aspect across all borders of religion, regality, and country that unites man is compassionRead MoreMain Features of A Mosque1552 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe the main features of a mosque A mosque is mainly used as a place of worship for Muslims to pray to Allah. Not all mosques are the same, they vary from place to place. Some mosques are big and expensive whilst some other mosques are small and cheap. All mosques are different but are yet similar in some ways for example; all mosques are a place of worship. Some mosque have a tall minaret in which the Muezzin uses it to call the Adthaan, informing nearby Muslims that the time of prayer hasRead MoreEssay about An Analysis of a Mosque1037 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of a Mosque A Mosque is the place or building serving as a place of worship which Muslims use to pray and worship Allah. The Mosque is a very important part of Muslim worship. This is because the Islam religion places great importance on prayer and worshiping Allah. All Mosques differ in appearance and size. The main factor affecting the size of a Mosque is the religiousRead MoreThe Great Mosque Of Cordoba1541 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Mosque of Cordoba Can the Great Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba be used for two religions, and How the design effects these religions? In this essay will be a brief discussion about the The Great Mosque of Cordoba and the history behind it. Stating how the mosque existed, developed over time and then reconstructed to become a Cathedral. How the Mosque believes both Christianity and Islam are able to pray within the building. Also I will mention the belief systems such as, does a sacredRead MoreThe Prayer Of The Mosque906 Words   |  4 PagesThe first reason you will probably be surprised will be by the place itself. Whilst many mosques seem grand and splendid from the outside, there is, in fact, very little to see inside a mosque. The prayer hall, where the public worship takes place five times a day, is actually very plain, because of the nature of Islam itself. You will find no statues, nor paintings, nor depictive stained glass. There is no altar, nor elaborate robes, nor candlesticks. The prayer space will be carpeted and cleanRead MoreHistory of the Mosque-Cathedral of Cà ³rdoba1014 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribe the Great Mosque of Cà ³rdoba. The Mosque is also known as the Mezquita, the Mosque-Cathedral of Cà ³rdoba, or the Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady. The mosque is considered one of the monumental jewels of Islamic civilization. In addition, it is one of the largest mosques in the entire world measuring about 24,000 square meters. The mosque was not all built at once, its construction lasted from 784 AD to 987 AD. First, Emir Abd ar-RahmanI began the construction of the mosque in the year 784Read More A Visit to A Mosque In America Essay1206 Words   |  5 PagesA Visit to A Mosque In America Driving along the highway, all eyes are drawn as a magnet to the unique building with its golden dome and unusual architecture. The Islamic Center is located at the base of a residential street in a small neighborhood. The center houses an Islamic school, a community center, an international school and the Mosque, which is the place of worship for Muslims. There are many misconceptions regarding Islam and Muslims. In reality most Muslims are non-Arabs andRead MoreMosque And The Tower Of The Mosque836 Words   |  4 PagesMosques are found all over the world. In addition to worship, mosques can be used for education and information. A main feature of the mosque is the domed roof. The domed roof has two functions: it is positioned over the prayer hall to allow the air to circulate and it helps to amplify the voice of the imam so he can be heard by everyone in the mosque. The star and crescent is also a major feature because it is the symbol of Islam and is the only external way to show that the building is a mosque

Risks Outweigh The Benefits Of Vaccines - 1552 Words

Risks outweigh the benefits The side effects of vaccines are detrimental. Many parents are aware that vaccinations prevent disease and vaccinating their child aides in herd immunity. However, some may determine that the possible risks of vaccinations overshadow the benefits. The main concerns parents have are about the reactions to vaccinations. There is credible evidence that some vaccines may cause adverse events (Maglione, Das, Raaen, Smith, Chari, Newberry, Shanman, Perry, Bidwell Gidengil 2014). The type of adverse event depends on the vaccine. The measles, mumps and rubella vaccine has been associated with febrile seizures as well as body encephalitis, both which are serious conditions. Trivalent inactivated vaccines were†¦show more content†¦These parents choose to not vaccinate due to traumatizing experiences related to vaccinations not because the parent is ignorant or apathetic towards the benefits of vaccinations. These parents are appalled that their personal experiences are cited as unusual. Unusual or not, when a traumatizing event happens to a family, it is very understandable that the family may be skeptical of doctors and their claims that vaccinations are safe. These parents may believe vaccines are beneficial, but also believ e it is not the best decision for their child (Luthy, Beckstrand, Callister Cahoon 2011). Doctors can’t be trusted Doctor patient relationships are very important. Doctors are usually the people who try to persuade parents to vaccinate their children. Doctors are one of the most integral people who communicate and administer childhood vaccinations (Ngoh Ng, 2016). If the relationship with the doctor is not good, a parent may choose not to trust the doctor on the issue of vaccinating one’s child. Doctors have cited that they have noticed that strained doctor patient relationships have a factor in parents choosing to not vaccinate (Yaqub, Castle-Clark, Sevdalis Chataway, 2014). Parents may fear that doctors may not be educated about vaccinations because they generally are not the ones who research and test vaccines. Also, parents may feel

John Q movie analysis free essay sample

John Q. Archibald was a factory worker facing financial hardship. When his son, Michael is struck during a baseball game, John and his wife, Denise, discover that their son is in need of a heart transplant. Although they have health insurance, hospital head, Rebecca Payne tells them that their policy doesnt cover such an expensive operation. John convinces the hospitals cardiac surgeon, Dr. Raymond Turner, to overlook his fee, but still has too much of a financial burden to bear. When he is left with no choice but to take his son home to die, John holds the staff and patients of the hospital hostage at gunpoint, demanding that his son be put on the list to be given the first available heart. Hostage negotiator Frank Grimes and chief of police Gus Monroe try to resolve the problem using mainly dialogue. John Q is successful in saving Michael’s life but ends up serving jail time nonetheless. We will write a custom essay sample on John Q movie analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Persuasion is a concept evident in both scenes, and it has to do with one party causing another party to do something that it wants through reasoning or argument. Persuasion can be used to balance power in a negotiation. The hardball tactics of aggression and intimidation are evident in both scenes as well. Aggression is the relentless push for more concessions, while intimidation is the attempt to force the other party to agree by means of emotional play. There is also evidence of power play in the scenes, namely legitimate power and coercive power. Legitimate power is derived from ones position and Coercive power derived from the ability to punish others. (Lewicki, 2004) The first negotiation scene was a telephone conversation between Frank and John. Frank introduced himself and asked john for some time and to let some of the hostages go, because in his own words, â€Å"I do for you, you do for me; show some good faith. † Frank tried to reason with him, but John remarked that he would only let some of the hostages go if his son was put on the heart transplant list. Franks persuasion worked when john agreed to let some of the hostages go on condition that frank had an hour to get Mike on the list before john started killing hostages. John used aggressive behavior and intimidation when he gave frank an ultimatum. He said in a raised voice that if Mike was not on the list in an hour after the first hostages had been released; one of the remaining hostages would die. John Q also exuded power in the negotiation; specifically coercive power because he had the ability to inflict harm on frank’s reputation as a hostage negotiator by harming the hostages. This power contributed to frank’s concessions; his agreement to work faster on putting Mike on the list. This scene qualifies as a negotiation situation because it involves two parties, each with individual goals; Frank wanted to save the hostages while John wanted his son’s name on the heart transplant list. There is a conflict of interest between the parties. There is also the fact that it involves the management of tangibles, in this case the lives of the hostages and the life of Mike, and intangibles, which is the terms of agreement or the deals and promises made between John and frank in the scene. There was also a level of interdependence between John Q and Frank in the sense that Frank could only save the hostages if John let them go and John could save Mike only if Frank was successful in getting Rebecca to put him on the heart transplant list. The second negotiation scene was between Frank and Police chief Gus Monroe. Gus was about to send in a sniper into the building to take down John Q and Frank tried to persuade him to call off the strike; that this was not a good idea because John Q could be reasoned with. Frank tried his best to explain to Gus that Johns wife Denise could talk him down. Gus however was determined to carry out the sniper strike and used aggressive behavior and intimidation to deter frank from interfering with the operation. Gus made reference to his own experience as a cop and used his power as chief of police to relieve Frank of duty. This power was legitimate power because of Gus’ position as head of Chicago police. The scene chosen qualifies as negotiation situation because two parties are involved; Frank and Gus, each with individual goals and there is a conflict of interest between them. There is also the fact that it involves the management of tangibles and intangibles. In this case the tangible aspect was the execution of the sniper strike. Interdependence between Frank and Gus also qualifies the scene as a negotiation situation. Franks job as a police officer was under Gus’ authority but Gus also depended on franks discretion in distracting John Q with a phone call from Denise to successfully carry out the sniper attack. Bibliography

A citizen, rights and responsibilities and antisocial behaviour The WritePass Journal

A citizen, rights and responsibilities and antisocial behaviour Introduction A citizen, rights and responsibilities and antisocial behaviour IntroductionAnti Social BehavioursTackling Anti Social Behaviour in HousingConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction The term ‘citizen’ may literally be used to refer to any person who has acquired or has the status of citizenship. The acquired status is used when the person that is conferred with the citizenship is not originally a citizen of the sovereign nation while, in effect the citizenship has to be earned through set of rules that govern the society.   According to Hardy (1997) â€Å"the status of citizen is used to denote the link between an individual and a State, a form of political organization with territorial boundaries which may encompass more than one nation†.   Citizenship is defined by Lewis (2004, p 9) as â€Å"a legal status conferred by an internationally recognised nation – state. This status accords a nationality and the right to make claims against the state and receive a share of the public goods†.   Therefore, it can be seen that when an individual has the status of a citizenship, such individual has formed a relationship with the St ate and this relationship is guided and strengthened by the citizen knowing his/her rights from the State and responsibilities to the State, community and entire neighbourhood. This project focuses on the rights and responsibilities of a citizen with respect to tenancy and how these relate to existing government policies on anti social behaviour.   The project will attempt to achieve this focus by fully describing the rights of a citizen from the State and the responsibilities of that citizen to the State, community and entire neighbourhood.   Secondly the project will carry out a review of the current government policies on anti social behaviour and how these policies relate to the rights and responsibilities of a citizen.   Thirdly, the project will conclude with summary of the overall work. Rights of a citizen When a person has the status of a citizenship, Blackburn (1994) argues that a relationship has been formed with the state which gives the citizen certain rights.   However, Marshal (1992, cited in Lewis, 2004) viewed citizenship as a relationship between the individual and a state which gives rise to 3 basic elements of rights – civil, political and social. Civil rights The civil right of a citizen represents the right to freedom of speech, expression, thought and faith and to conclude valid contracts. When a person becomes a citizen, such person has by virtue of the citizenship status acquired the right to freely express him/herself and to put forward opinions about issues affecting the that nation.   In addition, the citizenship status comes with the right to equal opportunities and social justice in that society. Political rights The political right of a citizen is the rights that allow the person to vote.   The right to vote is an opportunity to demonstrate one’s democratic rights and this is important in a democratic society.   The political right also includes the chance to participate in political process such as contesting for electoral positions and being duly elected in the political office. Social rights The social element of the right of a citizen is the right to economic welfare and to fully share the social heritages within the society.   One of the social heritages in a society is housing.   Blackburn (1994) viewed the right to housing and be housed as one of the idealistic rights of a citizen. Within the context of this project, the housing right (social right) of a citizen will be the subject for main focus. Housing right The citizen has the right to housing (Cowan and Marsh, 2001 and Blackburn, 1994). There are two main sectors in the housing market for a citizen – the owner occupied and the rented sector.   The owner occupied housing sector includes the individuals that have undertaken to purchase a property through mortgage and who live in the house by themselves.   The house that is purchased may be a leasehold or freehold, but, in either case, the government usually supports the citizens through varying the interest rates and stamp duties.   Other form of support by the government is through consultation with the mortgage lenders in reducing the amount of deposit required for the citizens to purchase their own owner occupied houses. These supports are to enable the citizen enforce their rights of housing.   The rented housing sector includes the private and public.   Private rented sector refers to those that rent out their house through short hold tenancies while the public sect or is the assured short hold tenancy.   The providers of housing to citizens in the public sector include housing associations and local authorities.   The local authorities invest in houses and allocate them to citizens on the basis of ‘first come first served’ but attention is given to those with extra-ordinary circumstance or great urgency.   The housing associations are not for profit making organisations who provide house to citizens based on their criteria and in view of the nature of the associations, they do not share profits but re-invest them into the activities of the housing. Responsibilities of a citizen The basic right of housing for a citizen is further broken down in the tenancy agreement the citizen enters into with the landlord which states the conditions of the tenancy.   The Housing Act 1988 with amendments up to 2004 and the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 protect the citizen from undue harassment, unfair charges and fraudulent practices and also ensure that the property is in good condition for occupancy and illegal evictions.   However, in order to fully enjoy the right to housing and the protection as contained in the Tenancy Agreement and the relevant Housing Acts, the citizen is required to fulfill some basic obligations.   The citizen has the obligation to act within the law by not engaging in criminal or immoral activities and also to behave in such manners that may not be regarded are against socially accepted corms within the neighbourhood or wider social environment.   Therefore, it can be said that one of the rights of a citizen is the right to housing and als o that one of the major responsibilities of the citizen is to carry on his/her daily activities of living in such a manner as to show behaviours that are against the neighbourhood in which he/she resides.   The term neighbourhood is described by Power (2007, p 17) as â€Å"local areas within towns and cities recognized by people who live there as distinct places, with their own character and approximate boundaries†.   The citizen is a member of the neighbourhood and his or her actions will impact all the members of the neighbourhood either directly or indirectly, in effect, the citizen is expected to maintain a pattern of behaviour for the interest of the general neighbourhood.   A pattern of behaviour that is not in line with the acceptable behaviours within a neighbourhood is known as anti social behaviour.   According to Rose (1996) citizens are considered to be responsible when they play their roles but in a situation that the moral lifestyle of such person is con trary, such person is considered a threat or reproach to the community.   According to Cowan and Marsh (2001, p 168) â€Å"the role of the law relevant here is through seeking to uphold particular standards of behaviour†.   In the UK, the law that seeks to uphold the standards of behaviours within the neighbourhood is the anti social behaviour contained in the Crime and Disorder Act (1996, 1998) and Ant Social Behaviour Act (2003). Anti Social Behaviours The Good Practice Unite of the Chartered Institute of Housing (CIH 1995, p3) defined antisocial behaviour as â€Å"behaviour that opposes society’s norms and accepted standards of behaviour†.   Also the Crime and Disorder Act (1998) described antisocial behaviour as acting â€Å"in a manner that caused or was likely to cause harassment, alarm or distress to one or more persons not of the same household†.   The Anti Social Behaviour Act (2003) identified various forms of behaviours found to be common and these include: noise nuisance; intimidation and/or harassments, littering and graffiti; being violent against neighbours and properties; hate behviours that target an ethnic or gender groups; and use of the property for unlawful business or other purposes. Causes Several reasons have been given by different researchers and organisations as to the reasons that lead to anti social behaviours.   Notable among the researchers are Hawkins, Catalano and Miller (1992) who identified risk factors and protective factors.  Ã‚   The risk factors involves certain issues of life that have the potential of making people act against the society such as poverty, family problems and problems that arise in the school.   The protective factors refer to the presence of some features that may discourage the individual from acting against the society such as bonding and community involvement.   The issues of risk and protective factors were further highlighted by the argument of Miller (2005) that neighbourhoods with high crime rate in most cases are traceable to poverty, deprivation and lack of involvement in the community in which the offender resides. Impacts Anti social behaviours has the likelihood of impacting on the members of the neighbourhood, properties and the individual that carries out the behaviour.   One of the impacts of antisocial behaviour on the neighbourhood is that it can make withdraw from public places within the area for fear of the safety of their lives thereby and also crumble the service provisions in that area (Rogers and Coaffee, 2005).   The Policy Action Team of the Social Exclusion Unit (SEU, 1998, p11) argued that â€Å"if housing is poorly managed or unlettable, or crime and anti social behaviour are not tackled, community support systems can easily crumble†.   Secondly, there is the possibility of reducing house prices in the area and increased cost of repairs and cleaning of graffiti as a result of vandalism (Brand and Price, 2000). Also, an area that is notorious for behaviours seen to be contrary to the accepted standards in the society may have a stigma which may make residents decide to relocate or prevent new ones moving in.   This problem of stigma was emphasised by Harworth and Manzi (1999, p 163) that there is â€Å"the stigma attached to public rented houses† and that this is the result of behaviours that are usually not in conformity with the accepted norms in the wider society.   In order to tackle the problem of anti social behaviour and reduce or eliminate its impacts on the neighbourhood and properties, Cowan and Marsh (2001) suggested the use of basic strategies such as housing management, legal tools and partnering with Social Exclusion Unit. Tackling Anti Social Behaviour in Housing Housing Management Cowan and Marsh (2001) suggested that in order to control the activities of those that perpetrate anti social behaviours, Landlords should control the access to houses by such individuals through the use of housing register.   This suggestion implies that those noted for their anti social behaviours should be excluded from having access to houses as a deterrent to others that would want to follow their bad examples.   The power for landlords to exclude those whose behaviours are deemed to be against the norms of the society in which they reside (anti social behaviour) is contained in the Part VI of the Housing Act (1996) and research by Smith (2001) found that this exclusion has reduced the rate of antisocial behaviours in most estates. In addition to the use of exclusion as a house management tool for deterrent and preventive measure for dealing with anti social behaviours, Landlords were empowered by the Housing Acts 1996 to adjust the tenancy agreement indicate repossession of properties.   In effect, the tenancy agreement fully describes the rights and responsibilities of both parties with particular respect to anti social behaviours and that the Landlord has the right of repossession if the tenant receives anti social behavioural order – an order for carrying out anti social behaviours.   On the effectiveness of the use of repossession as a deterrent, the Social Exclusion Unit (SEU, 2000, p 4) argued that â€Å"evicting anti social people does not mea that the problem will go away.   Some people will be deterred from future ant social behaviour by the experience of eviction or exclusion from the housing register†. Legal Tools The 1996 Housing Act further gave powers to Landlords (both Local Authorizes and Social Registered Landlords) to deal with their own tenants with respect to anti social behaviours.   This Act made individuals responsible for their own actions, those of their households and those of their visitors and empowered landlords to take possession of their properties in the event of anti social behaviour.   In applying this power, certain behaviours were banned by Landlords and where the tenant goes against those behaviours, a housing injunction is obtained from the court to arrest the offender.   Also the 1998 Housing Act introduced the use of Anti Social Behavioural Order (ASBO) by the police or landlords against offenders as long as they are above the age of 10.   Other legal tools include the use of 1996 Noise Act and 1990 Environmental Protection for noisy tenants and those houses not maintained by the tenants. Social Exclusion Unit Partnership While applying both the managerial and legal tools, Cowan and Marsh (2001) further suggested the use of partnership initiatives with the social exclusion unit by landlords and local authorities.   The Social Exclusion Unit works with communities, individuals and families to make sure that anti social behaviours are not breached and that to a greater extent avoid repeat or re – offending (SEU, 2000c).   Rather than punish those whose behaviours are anti social, through exclusion, repossession or injunction, the social exclusion unit partners with other relevant agencies to produce strategies in the forms of projects that to support the circumstances of the offender.   This process involves having a one to one meeting with the offender to identify the causes of the anti social behaviour and the outcome of the discussion forms the basis for suggesting possible support programs to assist the offender where appropriate.   The partnership with the social exclusion unit has a dditional advantage of making sure that those who are reacting as a result of their extra ordinary circumstances beyond their control are supported in overcoming such circumstances. Conclusion This project sought to find out about a citizen and how the rights and responsibilities of ‘a citizen’ relate with the current government policies on anti social behaviours.   During the course of the project, it was found that citizen describes a person who has the status or acquired the status of citizenship that is, having a form of relationship with the State.   Such relationships with the nation that has accorded that person the citizenship status usually comes with political, civil and social rights.   The social right of the citizen which formed the basic focus of this project includes the right to housing and being housed.   The right of the citizen to be provided with housing protects the citizen from being harassed, unfairly charged or exploited by landlords.   However, the right of the citizen to housing requires that the citizen keeps to the conditions of the tenancy agreement among which includes a condition not to act in a manner that will above o ther things constitute not conform to the norms of the society/neighbourhood – that is ant social. Furthermore, the project found that where the citizen acts anti social, it may result in crumbling of the service provisions within the neighbourhood (SEU, 1998), reducing house prices as the result of the stigma of crime and violence (Harworth and Manzi, 1999) and increasing cost of repairs and maintenance by the local authorities in cleaning graffiti.   In order to tackle the problem of antisocial behaviour, the project found 3 basic strategies as suggested by Cowan and Marsh (2001) and these include housing management, legal tools and partnership with the social exclusion unit.   Housing management uses seeks to exclude citizens with anti social behaviours from having access to housing and also repossessing their properties while the legal tool uses injunction.   The partnership with the social exclusion unit aims to address the circumstances that create the anti social behaviours of a citizen. Based on the findings during the course of this project, it can be seen that a citizen has a right to housing and that this right comes with responsibilities not to act anti social.   Therefore, the current government policy of anti social behaviour seeks to ensure that a citizen, enjoying the right to housing, complies with the responsibilities that come with the right to the housing being enjoyed.   The rights are received by the citizen; the responsibilities are the conditions for the rights and the anti social behavior policies ensure that the conditions are kept by the citizen. References Blackburn, R. (1994).   Rights of Citizenship.   London.   Mansell Publishing Ltd Catalano, R.F., Hawkins, J.D. (1996). The Social Development Model: A theory of antisocial behavior. In J.D. Hawkins (Ed.), Delinquency and Crime: Current Theories (pp. 149-197) New York: Cambridge CIH (1995).   Housing management standards manual. Coventry. CIH Cowan, D. and Marsh, A. (2001). Two steps forward:   Housing policy into the new millennium. UK.   Polity Press Hardy, H. (1997) ‘Citizenship and the Right to Vote’, 17 Oxford J Legal Stud 76 (1997). Hawkins J.D., Catalano R. F., Miller J. Y. (1992). Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 64-105. Lewis, G. (2004).   Citizenship Lives Social Policy.   UK.   The polity Press Millie, A., Jacobson, J., Hough, M. and Paraskevopoulou, A. (2005a) Anti-social behaviour in London Setting the context for the London Anti-Social Behaviour Strategy, London: GLA Power, Anne (2007a) City Survivors. Bringing up children in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Bristol: The Policy Press. Rogers, P. and Coaffee, J. (2005) ‘Moral panics and urban renaissance: Policy, tactics and youth in public space’, City, 9(3) 321-340. Rose, N. (1996).   The death of the social?   Refiguring the territory of government, Economy and Society, vol 25, no 3, pp 282-99. Social Exclusion Unit (1998).   Bringing Britain together: A national strategy for neighbourhood renewal, Cm 4045, London:   The stationery Office. Social Exclusion Unit (2000a) Leaflet, London: Cabinet Office Smith, R., Stirling, T. Papps, P., Evans, A. and Rowlands, R. (2001).   Allocation and Exclusion:   The impact of new approach to allocating social housing, London: Shelter. The 1998 Crime and Disorder Act The 1996 Housing Act