Wilson/Frost Differences Between Realism and Imagination

When I was a child, I often passed the time by playing imaginary games in which I was sometimes a superhero, sometimes a pirate, sometimes a teacher. I played these games all the way through elementary school, and when I was ten, I invited a friend over to my house, in the hopes that she would want to play my silly games with me. But when I mentioned it to her, she told me that imaginary games were â€Å"dumb†. If it is not real, what is the point of pretending? I was completely taken aback by what she said; obviously I preferred to live in the imaginary world, and she in the real world. This situation was a classic example of the struggle between realistic points of view and illusionist points of view. Correspondingly, the husband and wives in†¦show more content†¦This shows her view that people pretend to feel sorry for the dead, but people ultimately turn back to the living and recognize the dead as truly gone forever. Amy finds this disconcerting and sickening, an d so she vows that she â€Å"won’t have grief† (106), because if she does not grieve for her child, then the child must not be dead. She therefore resides in an imaginary world in which her child has not passed away and so her husband has not been digging a grave for a dead baby. These differences in viewpoints ultimately lead to strife within the marriages. In Fences, Rose eventually grows tired of Troy’s excessive imaginary tales. She always has to counter her husband’s stories, constantly saying, â€Å"Troy lying† (Wilson 153). Due to their opposing outlooks, the two often argue over things, such as whether or not Troy ought to put his brother, Gabriel, in a home. Rose thinks that â€Å"something ought to be done to help him†, yet Troy believes that â€Å"don’t nobody wanna be locked up† (Wilson 159). In this way, Rose is the realistic one, recognizing that Gabriel has brain damage and is not mentally fit to be living on his own, yet Troy refuses to accept that his brother is incapable of taking care of himself. 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My Favorite Job-Personal Narrative Essay - 610 Words

My Favorite Job-Personal Narrative Working at Woodcreek Athletic Club is the best job I ever had. The hours and pay were great. I had the best boss anyone could have, and I learned an astounding amount. The hours and pay made working at Woodcreek very enjoyable. My schedule was very flexible and could usually adjust it to fit my needs. If I needed to pick the kids up from school I could come in early so that I could leave early. I could also work out or play racquetball during working hours. They never would say anything to me as long as the club was operating smoothly. My lunch hour was also very flexible. For instance, if I had a lunch date at 11:00am on Wednesday I could take my lunch hour then. Or if I had a lunch date on†¦show more content†¦He trusted that I knew what I was doing. If he asked me a question about something, the answer I gave was all he needed. 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Sustainable Marketing And Management Tassal Salmon Oroducer Company

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Marketing And Management Tassal Company. Answer: Introduction Tassal is one of the largest Salmon producer companys in Australia operating in the Tasmanian Seafood Industry. Tassal is a combination of Tasmanian and salmon and is one of the Australias largest food businesses with a local market share of approximately 65% (Wallis, 2011). The company owns two hatcheries, six marine farms as well as three processing facilities. Tassal has continued to experience growth despite the global oversupply of salmon that has caused a drastic decline in prices. The sustainable growth is due to Tassals shift of focus to the local market. For instance, the company experienced n increase in net profit after tax in the previous five years despite the companys decision to exit the lower-return market. The companys strategy on infrastructure investment and their focus on growing domestic market per capita consumption present excellent strategies that ensure delivery of sustainable growth (Wallis, 2011). Marketing Background of the Company According to Tassal market research, the consumption rate of salmon per person stands at 1.6 kg annually. However, the company aims to improve this up to over 3kg annually which is the European average. This is possible through substantial investment in retail stimulus programs, product development and quality branding mechanisms (Wilkins, 2005). For the purpose of raising awareness on salmon as the best protein option besides chicken and beef in Australian households, the company launched first TV advert campaigns. The advertisement focuses on showing a range of simple salmon dishes with highlights on freshness, health, and versatility. The marketing campaign also involves print ads in lifestyle magazines as well as recipes on some of the leading recipe websites. The rise in demand for salmon in Australia is attributable to increase in awareness on healthy eating, simplicity in cooking and convenience including influence from Asian cuisine on Australian diet (Luther, 2013). However, the processes of marketing products from the Company have been progressive through accrual on increasing sales to its brand as well as their line of products. This is since the company offers diversified products that are aligned towards customer taste and needs (Ahmed and Rafiq, 2002). Such sound marketing strategy is possible through the provision of robust and efficient distribution infrastructure, application of strategic product pricing, as well as giving elaborate and diversified product portfolio (Andruss, 2010). Positioning Tassal ensures the creation of brand awareness through print and TV advertising especially during major holidays like Easter and Christmas seasons. The market demand from the same market segment incorporates different consumer needs, therefore, the possibility of users having the desire for various and unique offers within the same segment. Such cases demand that the product supplies brand with unique characteristics geared towards satisfying consumer needs. This requires that the company prioritizes in accordance to distinctiveness, importance, superiority, communicability, affordability as well as high levels of returns (Kotler and Keller, 2007). The strategy on positioning as used by the company ensures sustainability is maintained by producing and supplying healthy food products to the market. The extent of potentiality that the Company can utilize is clearly perceived through Grahams Easy Matrix, see Appendix II. Product vs. Sustainability The product range for Tassal includes fresh, canned, frozen and packed salmon. For sustainability purposes, the company invests heavily on farming waters infrastructure as well as bio-asset and distribution network. Tassal spends heavily on capital infrastructure that underpins the production in farming and processing. This ensures full maximization on production efficiencies as well as growth while minimizing risks. The need to increase automation and streamlining technology increases volume while concentrating on value addition, therefore, lowers operating costs (Payne and Holt, 2001). Price vs Sustainability The changes made in pricing mechanism in this industry affect demand, therefore, making the pricing system to be considerably highly elastic. This is since in such cases the consumers preference is to embrace substitute protein products with affordable prices of probably of similar qualities (Lindgreen and Finn, 2005). Importantly, the company utilizes strategic changes within its product distribution strategy whereby they give discounts on large purchases of company products, and at the same time, the company uses loyalty programs through distributors which are useful in making up for issues on price elasticity. The sustainability of the companys presence in the market calls for the implementation of premium pricing as a strategy that eventually assists in price justification of products by quality. Such system is capable of producing maximum benefits not only to the company but also to distributors and retailers of the products (Fill, 2009). Sustainability requires that Tassal changes its pricing strategy where penetration pricing technique seems appropriate. The pricing mechanism is preferable since the technology proves efficient in situations where intensive distribution channel is applicable for the sole purpose of intensifying product presence within target markets (Fill, 2009). In this case, it is possible to reach and satisfy customers who focus on value and quality in products within different market segments. It is also crucial that the company should develop strong partnership relations with large retailers within each market segment since this ensures the expansion of distribution channels that eventually contributes to higher sales (Piercy, 2009). Promotion vs. Sustainability In stimulating retail sales, Tassal runs price promotions with both retail and wholesale customers. In this case, Tassal also supplies cards with branded recipe that ensures effectiveness in communicating its brand profile. Tassal does most of its promotional programs through the leading recipe website such as Taste.com. They utilize the companys website in performing various promotional activities (Chaffey et al., 2009). The selling point of the companys advertisement on the internet depends highly on online brand recognition. The reason being, such ad utilizes the aspect of graphics to depict quality, an aspect that is crucial to ensure the brand maintains leadership in various market segments (Egan, 2007). The companys promotional activities through the internet are tailored to capture the attention of the families who are the majority in the largest market segments for protein products. The marketing strategy is sustainable since it leads to a significant influence on product sal es within target market segments of fresh, tinned, frozen and smoked fish. The sustainability part of it comes in the branding of salmon as fresh through internet marketing owing to easy accessibility and low costs involved in comparison to other forms of marketing (Clakins, 2012). The application of creative advertising as a promotional tool on the media platform should account for approximately 70% of all resources allocated. These resources are those focusing on sensitizing consumers concerning the benefits of its products. (Drewniany and Jewler, 2008). On the other hand, the company should ensure allocation of significant percentage to print media and internet advertising. In this case, the media advertising mechanisms should portray the product as having an advantage in quality over the competitors. Moreover, Tassal should utilize the personal selling mechanism as one most active channels of advertising for its low costs. Besides, its means of execution is simply face-to-face communication, use of coupons as well as loyalty programs within various segments (Drewniany and Jewler, 2008).For sustainability, the Marketing executives engage in product marketing, whereby they have the responsibility of ensuring appropriate allocation of resources necessary for p romotional activities. Such marketing processes should incorporate important aspects of public relations, advertising, and sales promotions. However, the process calls for an elaborate research that is necessary as precedence to any implementation plan within target markets. Such process guarantees the existence of a robust relationship between consumers and Tassal's products (Kotler and Armstrong, 2012). The use of promotion mix that involves awareness campaigns through such channels as social media and the internet are vital to the success and progression of the company within the industry (Barker et al., 2013). In this case, creativity in advertisements captures potential customers for they present product qualities. In this case, extensive publicity and personal selling are possible promotional tools that ensure the Company attracts a significant percentage of consumers within different market segments. Consequently, an aspect of identifying how effective marketing relates with productivity proves to be a major factor especially in defining market position (Omera and Bernard, 2007). Importantly, such products require the use of celebrities and third-party endorsers to reinforce the product brand image amongst the young generation globally. Place/Distribution vs. Sustainability For sustainability as the largest farmer of salmon in Atlantic, the company chooses to be selective on business partners despite having economies of scale. For instance, the company opted to cut its distribution contract with one of the largest supermarket chains in Australia, Coles for the reasons of ensuring stock sustainability in the long-run (Wallis, 2011). The strategy makes the company avoid over-reliance on few large buyers. Therefore, the remaining fish surplus can as well be exported at rather higher costs in the global market. The aspect of developing supply chains in Asian emerging markets presents the company with growth opportunities (Wooten, 2011). In the current global market, there is a necessity for Tassal to identify effective distribution channel that touches on all target populations within various segments. For instance, in the Australian market, Tassal makes use of retailers as well as chain stores for the purpose of distributing products. The other efficient and sustainable method involves the use of strategic alliances, for instance, the acquisition of De Costa Seafood opened a new market for the company, increasing its total target market from salmons $ 700 million. The entire market now includes over $ 4 billion in seafood. The acquisition made it possible the increase in revenue of over 50% in the last half of 2015 (Christenson et al., 2017). The strategy on leveraging current operations, distribution as well as reducing production costs has helped in improving margins for De Costa. Sustainability calls for the company to consider maximization on salmon growth efficiencies, making use of selective breeding to improve the size and also maximizing conversion ratios. The aspect of utilization of supermarkets on a frequent basis owing to their ability to accommodate and stock different products having the same brand name is necessary. This is contrary to convenience stores that only deal with a limited line of the pro ducts. However, such distribution mechanism demands enhancement through availing of goods to retailers of different kinds; off-premise and on-premise (Eggert and Ulaga, 2002). The aspect of diversification of products ensures the manufacture of products that are capable of satisfying the various consumer categories within different market segments. However, taste and nutritive requirements are crucial ingredients that guarantee recovery and enlargement of the companys market share. The other consideration should involve portraying salmon as a convenient and delicious source of protein that is easy to cook and economically feasible to consumers, not forgetting the producer. The success of the entire process of distribution demands an elaborate investment mechanism within the distribution infrastructure (Baker and Hart, 2007). The efficiency within the distribution channels of the company requires the incorporation of many distribution centers within the target market segment (Khanna, 2010). At the same time, the location of the storage facilities should be considered, whereby sustainability calls for the allocation of such facilities to be at closer proximity to production and breeding facilities. At the same time, the entire distribution should be done through the companys network of distribution channels that comprises convenience stores as well as supermarkets (Weihrich, 2010). From the perspective of Paas (2009), involving sound strategy in marketing products requires an elaborate plan that ensures implementation and development of innovative technologies. The use of direct marketing through social sites, emails and companys websites as previously discussed in this paper is appropriate. Additionally, the use of actionable data that incorporates the use of different databases that gives customer inform ation and inventory movement including the records of product returns is crucial. Such initiatives are critical when it comes to the point of identifying potential clients who usually identifies closely with the companys products. Such cases can utilize best multi-channel marketing procedure, which presents the best means through which products can reach consumers of different categories (Barnes et al., 2009). Comparison to Rivals The industry structure in most instances is perceived to be oligopolistic. This is since there are few dominants within the market, which accounts for a higher percentage of available segments. In this industry, the two lead players are Huon and Petunia (Porter, 2013). Notably, it is important that the analysis of the products within this industry be done based on competition within the market and especially by market share (Fifield, 2007). The seafood industry is characteristic of stiff competition amongst the rival groups; the few companies have dominance in the global market for quite some time. The industry records annual farming of approximately two million tons of salmon on the global front. The industry identifies Chile and Norway as worlds largest producers of salmon with 38% and 56% respectively of worlds production. However, Australia contributes a negligible percentage of approximately 2%. Tassal accounts for 49% of the total volume of salmon farmed in Australia. The other main competitors in the market are Huon and Petunia accounting for 38% and 13% respectively (Christenson et al., 2017). Recommendation Tassal should not only focus on market sustainability but also concentrate on environmental sustainability as one of the purchasing drivers for seafood. In this case, the focus should be on how to utilize waste waters from their hatchery facilities. For instance, such waters can be used for irrigation on agricultural lands. On the other hand, the product range of Tassal demands that they should identify and concentrate on the key buyers of seafood products within the various market segments. In this case, the key buyers are mainly independent retailers, distributors, shopping malls, and on-trade establishments. This, therefore, requires the use of updated strategies capable of attracting and retaining potential customers. Notably, the aspect of buyer power increases by the presence of large shopping malls as well as hypermarkets that account for a significant percentage of total market percentage; this provides consumers with the opportunity of high negotiating power. For this purpos e, Tassal should note that strong brands attract the consumers in the seafood market; therefore, the company should develop a strong brand with an inclusion of fresh products that will contribute towards the companys success in obtaining considerable market share (Close, 2012). References ACNielsen. 2010. Marketing Information Company providing research, information, Analysis and Insights to consumer products and service industries. Available at https://www.acnielsen.com/ Ahmed, K., Rafiq, M .2002, Internal Marketing tools and concepts for customer Focused management, Heinemann Elsevier, London Andruss, P. 2010. Market Segmentation. Marketing News, 6(44), 25 Baker, M., Hart, S. 2007. The Marketing Book. London: Routledge. Barker, M., Barker, D., Borman, N., Neher, K. 2013. Social Media Marketing: A strategic approach. Connecticut: South-Western CENGAGE Learning Barnes, C, Blake, H., Pinder, D. 2009. Creating Delivering your Value Proposition. Kogan Publishers, London Chaffey, D., Mayer, R., Johnston, K., Ellis-Chadwick, F. 2009. Internet Marketing: Strategy, Implementation and Practice. London: Prentice Hall Clakins, T. 2012. Breakthrough Marketing Plans: How to Stop Wasting Time and Start Driving Growth. NewYork: Palgrave Macmillan. Close, A. G. 2012. Online Consumer Behaviour: theory and research in social media, advertising and e-tail. London: Routledge Christenson, J.K., O'Kane, G.M., Farmery, A.K. and McManus, A., 2017. The barriers and drivers of seafood consumption in Australia: A narrative literature review. International Journal of Consumer Studies. Drewniany, B. J., Jewler, A. J. 2008.Creative Strategy in Advertising.Boston:Thomson Egan, J.2007. Marketing Communications, Thomson Learning, London Eggert, A., Ulaga, W. 2002. Customer-perceived value: a substitute for satisfaction In business markets? Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 3 (17), 107-125 Fifield, P.2007. Marketing Strategy: The Difference between Marketing and Markets, (3rd Ed), Heinemann Publishers, London Fill, C.2009. Marketing Communications: Interactivity, Communications and Content, 5th edition, FT prentice Hall, Italy. Khanna, T.2010. Winning in Emerging Markets: a Road Map for Strategy and Execution, Harvard Business Press, Massachusetts, US Kotler, P., Keller, K. 2007.Marketing Management. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. 2012. Principles of marketing. 14 edn. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall Lindgreen, A. Finn, W., 2005. Value in business markets: What do we know? Where are we going? Industrial Marketing Management, 34, 732- 748 Luther, W. M. 2013. The Marketing Plan How to prepare and implement it. New York: Amacom. Omar, M., Nwankwo, S. 2011. Internet Marketing and Customer Satisfaction in Emerging Markets: The case of Chinese online shoppers. Competitiveness review, 21 (2), 224-237. Omera, K., Bernard, B. 2007. Risk and supply chain management: creating a Research Agenda. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 18 (2), 197 - 216 Paas, L.2009. Database Marketing Practices and Opportunities in a newly emerging African market. Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management, 16 (2), 92-100 Payne, A. Holt, S. 2001. Diagnosing Customer Value: Integrating the Value Process and Relationship Marketing. British Journal of Management, 2 (12), pp 159 - 182 Piercy, F. 2009. Market-Led Strategic Change, (4th Ed.), Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford Porter, M. E. 2013. On Competition. Massachusetts: Harvard Business Press. Wallis, J., 2011. Tassal. Ausmarine, 33(6), p.29. Weihrich, H .2010. Management: a Global and Entrepreneurial Perspective. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi Wilkins, L., 2005. Influences on Uptake of Innovative Technology in the Australian Food Industry. School of Computer and Information Science. Wooten, A. 2011. Preserving Brand Strength in Global Markets. Deseret News, WEB

Leadership Role, Benefits, and Limitations

Leadership is practices that influence other parties in completion of managerial aims and targets by directing the organization to become coherent and cohesive. For example, the mayoral role in a town is leadership, whereby he takes the responsibility of guiding the people to support the laid down policies for the development of the town. Leadership must involve responsibility.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership: Role, Benefits, and Limitations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All leaders use this process for outstanding results and productivity. They only do this through a leadership process that entails them applying their skills and what they know to influence actions. Different leaders have different traits influencing their actions as, ‘Trait leadership’ ascertaining that people are never born already leaders, but they are made. However, exemplary leadership does not involve responsibili ties alone it incorporates the main concepts of leadership such as the role played by a good leader, excellent leadership skills, the effectiveness of the leadership activities carried out and the best leadership approach styles used by that leader. This paper’s aim is to discuss what leadership involves, the role it plays in adapting and dealing with organizational change, the benefits observed when using the approach of leadership in an organization and its limitations. The first concept of leadership is an exemplary leader: he may be a boss in the sense that he is somebody who has the responsibility of guiding and supervising a certain group to get the job done. The effectiveness of leadership must involve an exceptional leader who is creative and capable of inspiring more future leaders in his team. A principled leader deals with the group and the job because one without the other would mean no need of his leadership. Characteristics of a strong leader determine the effic iency of the group that he leads and the best leadership for increased productivity in an organization (Lencioni, 2002, p. 52). Some of the key things that contribute to the best leadership entail what the leader does, knows and who he is as a person.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Effective leadership must put in consideration the followers in an organization; this means the leadership styles used by a leader should be unique and related to the uniqueness of every group. For example, experienced employees need less supervision than the newly hired and the same applies to the under performers and motivated employees. Each group has their own characteristics hence one leadership style cannot work for all job groups in an organization. A leader would therefore need to base his leadership styles on the specialization of each group entirely. Understanding and caring for employe es needs is also extremely beneficial in building a working relationship. Another aspect that cannot be ignored in ensuring effectiveness in leadership is the leader. One must have an understanding of his personality, capabilities and the knowhow. In leadership, the person in charge ought to display a good sense of command, use his knowledge on the task and incorporate this in what he plans to do for the organization. Notably the followers determine the success of leader so if they distrust the leader then the organization is likely to face leadership challenges. A worthy leader would convince his followers that he is visionary and can be trusted. Additionally communication holds the key to exceptional leadership it is often nonverbal, but must work both ways. Relay information to the followers and let them have room to be able to raise their views and give feedback. The information that a leader relays to his followers either enhances his relations with them or destroys the same. F urthermore, situations determine the different styles applied by a leader and as a result, they carry much weight in predicting the effectiveness of leadership; in that different situations call for different approaches. Leadership and situation co-relate in that one cannot exist without the other; a certain situation prompts leadership and the leadership style approach used. For example, when an organization is undergoing change due to a major budget cut in the economy, a wise leader would apply the participative style of leadership in order to have everyone contributing in keeping the organization afloat.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership: Role, Benefits, and Limitations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While traits changes with time in different situations, situations remain stable, hence they have more effect on the traits of a leader. Different forces affect and influence these four factors, the fo llowers’ skills, and their relationship with the seniors, the organizational strategy and the informal leaders within that organization (Northouse, 2007, p. 49). One can be either a boss or a leader. An assigned leader gets his authority through that position he holds in the organization but this does not qualify him as a leader. Leadership is different in the case that it motivates the followers into desiring to achieve the highest goals, (Emergent Leadership) as opposed to dictating your employees. Hence, assigned leadership is driven by the position one holds while emergent leadership influences the group in doing positive things. The Bass’ theory (Bass, 2008, p. 47) explains better, how people become leaders. Leadership development for a small group of people is defined using three different theories. First is the Great Events Theory; in this theory, unique leadership qualities portrayed by a common person may be prompted by a serious event or crisis that pushes th em to act. In the occurrence of a crisis, one can respond in a way that brings his outstanding leadership qualities or show his weakness in leadership. Secondly, in leadership development, there exists Trait Theory; certain qualities possessed by an individual naturally lead them into management responsibility. An individual with an outgoing personality is likely to focus on leadership as a career or an area interest as opposed to someone who has a laid-back personality. Lastly the Process or Transformational Leadership Theory is also crucial in explaining how some people learn leadership skills while others just get to be leaders by own choice. Transforming to become a leader would mean going through a training process to learn and adapt skills that lead to leadership development. On the hand, other people just choose leadership as a career and work tirelessly until they become exemplary leaders in the society.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A group of people work exceptionally well under a certain leader who has total control in playing his role as a leader; this is what defines total leadership. Followers always desire to be guided by those leaders whom they respect and have a defined sense of direction; attained by someone who is ethical and visionary. Leadership that turns out exceptional depends on a dedicated and respected leader who sacrifices all his time and effort to benefit the organization. From the employees’ perspective, ethical leadership entails what one does that affects and contributes to the accomplishment of organizational objectives and its wellbeing (Northouse, 2009, p. 47). On the other hand, components exist that contribute to the key factors influencing key leadership. In reference to the Hay Group study, Consultancy in global management, 75 components are significant to employee satisfaction hence effective leadership. The study concluded that effective communication was crucial in winni ng organizational confidence and trust. This can be achievable through assisting employees comprehend the business strategies, their contribution to the achievement of principal business objectives, and share with them information about the company’s progress and employee’s division in relation to the business strategies (Giuliani Kurson, 2002, p. 61). Moreover, self-confidence and reliance in the top management was the only way to foretell employees’ fulfillment. The other key concept of leadership that contributes to effective leadership is the principles of a leader. Tools to this effect involves: the knowledge one possesses and uses to improve himself in the sense that he must be able to understand his do’s, dont’s, his knowledge capacity, attributes, and constantly strengthen them. In addition, a leader must be familiar with their job and employees tasks if they plan to lead effectively and accomplish the company set goals. Another aspect is responsibility for one’s actions; in order to propel the organization to new heights one must know the situations at hand, analyze, correct and offer solutions before proceeding to other new challenges (Northouse, 2009 p.40). Additionally the best decision-making, planning and problem solving play a leading role in determining the effectiveness of leadership if well timed. Setting the example is very crucial when blending with employees because they need an excellent role model who not only gives instructions of what is to be done but also follows the same. For effective leadership, having the knowledge of your followers is very necessary in caring and understanding their human nature in order to also keep the employees satisfied. Communication is also important since workers need to be informed through constant interaction with other seniors in getting views and feedback that effect to exemplary leadership. An added advantage would be training these workers on responsibility to equip them with traits that become useful when performing their respective tasks (Giuliani and Kurson 2002, p.61). Furthermore, delegation of simplified duties to workers determines the level of leadership effectiveness for example, when giving instructions on tasks to be accomplished; leaders should ensure the clarity of what each employee is expected to do. In addition to the above, leaders should advocate for more team-building training and workshops with the aim of attaining organizational cohesiveness in order for leadership to be successful. Lastly, utilization of organizational capabilities should be activated in that the developed togetherness of the team assists a leader to drive the organization to its full potential and capabilities. As an added advantage, the attributes of a leader determine the level of trust and respect from his employees and a certain framework of leadership aids him to do so. The do, know and be, attributes must be acquired through constant educa tion of self, study and work in order to achieve the best leadership and leadership skills. The process of leadership involves the leader’s knowledge and skills, but his unique attributes make his leadership exceptional (Posner Kouzes, 2009, p. 66). Some of the characteristics of an outstanding leader entail a visionary leader who has the understanding of the people and the task to be able to shape the image of the organization. For example, the exemplary leader Christopher Columbus, who is a strong leader someone who has thick skin to stand and accept any criticism about his plans and still stay focused? Strong opinioned and hardly compromises their work or lose focus from their goal due to mishaps. Exceptional leaders are not born, but they are made. An individual with passion and a strong sense of command makes the best leader. Developing an exemplary leader takes a lot of effort put in studying the right person for the task, educating them and building their experience ( Khurana Nohria, 2010, p. 81). The role of leadership in organizational change In an effort to do organizational change, management leadership is the most crucial element needed with the top management playing the most pivotal role in this change. This leadership has its limitations and benefits that affect and influence the employees work lives respectively. Effective and un-manipulated leadership guarantee the success of wiping out the unpleasant effects that arise from the change. The success of wiping out the unpleasant effects of change depends on successful leadership. First impression of a leader’s competitiveness and qualities in dealing with change matters more than the change-taking place. For effective management of change, one needs to be knowledgeable about the three distinguished zones of time such as, the preparation stage, surviving through the change and the period after the change. The role of leadership in an organization undergoing change depends on the ab ilities of the leaders. Often during change in the organization, employees would expect the best from their leaders in terms of dealing with the change hence communication plays a key role in implementing change. Leadership comes out as support, commitment and concern of the employees’ welfare during the change times as well discovering the need to make tough decisions (March Weil, 2005, p. 75). The first step in dealing with change is to have leadership that employees can believe in to give them new vision into the future of the organization. Able leaders deal with the impacts of change practically by mobilizing the employees and applying the best leadership style approaches to get through the change. The existence of leadership from the point change begins until the phase after the change is the key subject to note when dealing with change. However, for easy transition and coping during change effective leadership must be established first before the unpleasant organizatio nal hits. A solid foundation laid down through leadership should put an organization at a better position for any changes that occur in the future. For effectiveness in transition to organizational change, a leader needs to establish a proper record of decision-making and credibility. Hence, the employees would trust one’s ability to figure out solutions to get them through the change (Wooden Jamison, 2005, p. 29). Surviving through change is the second time zone when leadership plays a valuable role during the implementation of change. The period of change renders the organization most vulnerable and unstable due to many changing characteristics in the employees. Hence, a wise leader would concentrate on identifying ways of motivating and improving the welfare of his employees. Secondly, leaders assist employees in transitioning after change through pulling all the resources and finding solutions as a team. The key role that leadership plays in this phase is balancing the t ime to focus on change, pain and move to the future (Daft Lane, 2011, p. 63). Arrival period is the phase after the change, has taken place characterized by less emotion, more stability and workers ready to forge a new direction with a fresh mandate. Therefore, more responsibility is dumped on leadership to effect new ways that work to the organization’s advantage. Additionally, the leaders make a better future for the employees by offering long lasting solutions that improve their lives at work. The ultimate role of leadership in this period is completing the change by convincing employees accept the current situation and understand their new roles in the changed organization. Collaboration and communication are some of the leadership behaviors that contribute to support and adaptation during organizational change (Clampitt Dekoch, 2001, p. 54). Discussing with examples what are the benefits and limitations of leadership approach The benefits and limitations of the leaders hip approach can only be realized in the different leadership styles used by various leaders in their respective organizations. A leadership style is the manner of approach that leaders use in providing direction and implementing the plans of an organization to get things done. Benefits of the leadership approach Leadership is extremely useful in urgent circumstances and the military in determining the direction and success of sound decisions. Some time, the people in the field of combat may prefer direct instructions from someone in control on what to do than think and make wrong decisions. The best leadership approach in this case is the Autocratic styles where by the subordinates receive orders on what to do and without questioning or disputing; they carry out those orders to the latter. Limitation of arguments is another beneficial role of the leadership approach. In any work environment, there exist different employees with different views and personality’s hence lengthy debates may likely occur if all those employees were to be given room to have it their way in performing the organizations tasks. Hence, leadership through autocratic style limits the chance of such occurrences by having one leader delegating all the duties, supervising and dictating order at the workplace (Kouzes Posner, 2002, p. 34). Leadership offers intellectual stimulation: it inspires people into creative and diverse thinking by suggesting new dimensions of looking at things as in the case of business. For example, this was evident in Martin Luther King’s role as a leader (Phillip’s,2000,p.31) because he constantly inspired and motivated his people through his fluent speaking style and gave them a compelled vision on life. It has charismatic influence in politics especially for people who apply this approach. It gives them the poise and confidence to be able to address and convince an audience in supporting their political stand. As in the 1970’s case wh en James McGregor Burns developed it to guide all the leaders in politics, (Burns, 1979, p.15) Leadership made the political leaders energetic, dynamic and gave them a strong sense of command. Whenever good leadership exists in an organization, employees and other members of staff get individualized attention basing on their varied grievances. Leaders using transformational leadership style attend and constantly monitor the well-being of employees through team building and motivational activities. This ensures meeting of individual needs leading to employee satisfaction hence increased productivity. Additionally, leadership approach dictates the foundation and direction of solving problems in instances of clashes on behavioral standards or values. Leadership plays a significant role in this by laying down strategies that act as a guide in solving the clashes conflict. An example of this benefit existed in U.S. through Martin Luther King’s leadership he successfully appealed f air play by advocating for the outlaw on buses’ segregation (Wise Kowalski, 2010, p. 37). This approach strengthens employees’ position in an organization through team spirit. Involving the employees in decision-making in the same way leaders do in the democratic style of leadership ensures efficiency of leadership and satisfaction on the part of the employee. Hence, increased input resulted because they feel as part of the organization. Reduced gap in communication through leadership: for example, application of the democratic style of leadership clears tension in any work environment. This is achievable only through giving employees the freedom of speech and contribution into the organizational decision-making process. This addresses problems and issues just as seen in the Obama’s regime. Obama’s rule is more effective than for any leader in the past; his democratic leadership style ensures the hearing of common citizens and their needs met (Laszlo La ugel, 2000, p. 52). Leadership approach creates a positive environment for working in several organizations. It encourages fair distribution of challenges and responsibility among the junior workers as witnessed in a school setting. When the vibe is right among workers in a company work, becomes more fun. Any learning and working environment utilizing the use of leadership approach inspires creativity during problem solving and task performance. Leadership with this motive ensures that all ideas as different as they may be included in one box for reaping of greater benefits to an organization. Hence when that happens creativity resulted from the complexity of the final idea reached. For example in Skype leadership focused more on results and not efforts as highlighted by Terry Brock in an interview about their leadership styles. He asserted that Skype’s leadership motivated employees through team play to get the job done; additionally they cultivated and supported creativity (Tangri, 2010) by awarding their employees. Increased safety at work enforced through the leadership style in use. Safety and health rules enforced by certain leaders in the bureaucratic leadership style ensure maintenance of health and save lives thus increased safety at work. The people who benefit more from this leadership approach are the construction workers and the medical staff in hospitals. In addition to the discussed benefits, exemplary leadership increases the quality of work in an organization. It is common sense that supervision is crucial in any work environment for the achievement of excellent result. Hence leadership plays that role in supervision, and as a result, only the best piece of work achieved; high quality. Influential parastatals and successful companies like the Microsoft company headed by Gates benefited from his visionary leadership(Prince, 2005, p.20) where by he led by taking part in reforming the products to meet the customer demands hence the quality of Microsoft product increased tremendously. Leadership approach encourages the division of labor where by the managers, junior workers team up, and work together for the same course in a company. In participative leadership applied mostly at construction sites, division of labor is common. It allows the efficient utilization of skills and talents in a certain job hence resulting into increased input that is profitable for the company (Burns, 1979, p. 25). Limitations of the leadership approach Leadership limits the social appeal and autonomy in an organization. The pushy and dictatorial leadership applied by some leaders kills the whole essence of interactive cohesiveness at work because the employees had worked in fear and close supervision by their respective leaders. Employees become afraid to communicate to each other or interact with their supervisors because of tension and distrust they have. For example of leadership in prison and army camps, they viewed the juniors as robo ts to follow orders from the superiors (Wise Kowalski, 2010, p.40). Secondly, there prolonged decision-making has been observed in many cases applying this approach; the process depends entirely on the leadership style used by a leader. A longer decision-making process means a democratic or situation leadership style while autocratic style of leadership has the shortest process of making decisions. The top leaders word is always the final decision as to a family where the parent makes the decision most of the time for the young kids. Decisions are long drawn in the case of democratic leadership. Here, all the team members undergo consultation and feedback collected from each one of them before making decisions (Kouzes and Posner, 2002, p. 43). Another limitation is the dehumanization of humanity for instance, the bureaucratic leadership approach removes the potential of errors by a human and all enjoyment sucked by the rewards of their hard work; work becomes just a routine rather a passion. As for the example of leadership under Muammar Gaddafi’s rule; he dictated every thing and anyone opposed to his rule got killed or imprisoned (Ezro Frantz, 2011, p.22). He started ruling Libya when at 27years and stuck in power where he set the committees of how people lived and even ruled the media; depriving the people their humanity freedom. An additional negative impact of leadership approach occurs in instances of obsession in the power of a position by some leaders. The power and authority that enforced by certain working environments makes the leaders self absorbed in power and greediness of a certain position that they forget the critical aspects of their leadership. This not only kills the team spirit but the organizational overall productivity. An example of such a limitation is evident in politics in most countries, where the leaders fight for power and forget all about the people, the sole reason why they are in power (Lencioni, 2002 p. 40). Furthermor e, personal growth sometimes stagnated with the wrong leadership or obsessive leadership. Some leaders obsess on leading others, and they bar any chances the employees would have in expressing their creativity and growing professionally. This example was experienced by many immediate subordinates to CEO’s of most organization they want to remain in power in power. Lastly, misappropriation of funds is almost top on the list in limitations of leadership approach. Most leaders use their power and positions in their respective organizations to embezzle and misuse funds. Additionally, they hide the accounting blanks under so many less weighty projects. For example, this is a common occurrence when it comes to college and students’ trust funds like in the Philippines, college trust funds have really been misused in the past, through bad leadership hence, you will notice the dwindling level of education in some parts of the country (Posner and Kouzes 2009 p. 52). In conclusio n, leadership is not just the responsibility of leading others but, as an employee, it entails dealing with the situations that are present and making professional sound decision that favor the group, the organization and the objective tasks to be accomplished. In time of change, a leader should show support for the situation and play his role in implementing leadership skills that would give direction of the organizational future after the change. All in all leaders are made, not born but, true leaders are made in a long process of leadership. References Bass, B. M. 2008. The Bass handbook of leadership: theory, research, and application  4. ed. New York: Free Press. Burns, J M 1979, Leadership, Harper Row, New York. Clampitt, P G Dekoch, R J 2001, Embracing uncertainty: the essence of leadership, M.E. Sharpe, Armonk. Daft, R L Lane, P G 2011, Leadership (5th ed., International ed.), South-Western Cengage Learning, Ohio. Ezrow, N. M., Frantz, E. 2011. Dictators and dictatorsh ips: understanding authoritarian regimes and their leaders. New York [u.a.: Continuum. Giuliani, R W Kurson, K 2002, Leadership, Hyperion, New York. Khurana, R Nohria, N 2010, Handbook of leadership theory and practice, Harvard Business Press, Boston. Kouzes, J M Posner, B Z 2002, The leadership challenge (3rd ed.), Jossey-Bass, San Francisco Laszlo, C Laugel, J 2000, Large-scale organizational change an executive’s guide, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston. Lencioni, P 2002, The five dysfunctions of a team: a leadership fable, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. March, J G Weil, T 2005, On leadership (English ed.), Blackwell Pub., Malden. Northouse, P G 2007, Leadership: theory and practice (4th ed.), SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks. Northouse, P G 2009, Introduction to leadership: concepts and practice, Sage Publications, Los Angeles. Phillips, D T 2000, Martin Luther King, Jr. on leadership: inspiration wisdom for  challenging times 1st. print. New York: Warner. Posner, B Z K ouzes, J M 2009, The leadership challenge, Soundview Executive Book Summaries, Concordville. Prince, E T 2005. The 3 financial styles of very successful leaders: strategic  approaches to identifying the growth drivers of every company. New York: McGraw-Hill. Tangri, R 2010, Feb. 15. Leadership at Skype: Leadership is not rocket science. Chrysalis NavigateComplexity.Net. Retrieved from vimeo.com/9476279 Wise, P S Kowalski, K 2010, Leadership, Saunders, Philadelphia. Wooden, J Jamison, S 2005, Wooden on leadership, McGraw-Hill, New York. 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Human Resource Management(Ryanairs Motivation Problems)

Human Resource Management(Ryanairs Motivation Problems) Free Online Research Papers Section 1: Introduction Human Resource managers around the world rarely agree on the best way to motivate staff at work. However, the problems that can arise when staff is unmotivated ensure this will continue to occupy a great deal of management time and attention. In both Hospitality and Tourism sectors this is especially controversial, with the major problems of seasonality and low pay contributing to the mix. For this assignment I have been asked to examine contemporary views on motivation, identify a company currently addressing motivation problems at work and evaluate their efforts and to explore the relationship between the effective employment of appropriate recruitment and selection strategies and their impact on staff motivation. I have therefore have chosen Ryanair’s motivation problems and in this assignment the following can be found: Identifying Ryanair’s currently motivation problems at work and an evaluation of their effort, Ryanairs low salaries, recruitment methods used by Ryanair and the impact it has on staff motivation and more in depth discussions about how these motivation problems and how they can be solved. Section 2: Understanding of Human Resource Management and Motivation 2.1 What is Human Resource Management? Human resources management plays a key role which helps the success of the operations task in selecting, training and motivating the right kind of personnel for the organization (Ref: Woodruffe H, 1995) Humans are an organizations greatest assets; without them, everyday business functions could not be completed.† Human resource management is responsible for how people are treated in organizations. It is responsible for bringing people into the organization, helping them perform their work, compensating them for their labors, and solving problems that arise (Cherrington, 1995). There are seven management functions of a human resources department: staffing, performance appraisals, compensation and benefits, training and development, employee and labor relations, safety and health, and human resource research. 2.2 What is Motivation? Motivation is the individual, internal process that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior. It is a personal force that causes one to behave in a particular way .Most often, motivation is the term used to explain peoples behavior. Successful managers are said to be highly motivated. A team leader who avoids work is said to be unmotivated. Motivation is linked with morale; morale is the employees feeling toward the job, superiors, and the firm itself. High morale results mainly from the satisfaction of needs on the job or as a result of the job. High morale leads to dedication and loyalty as well as to the desire to do a job well. Low morale can lead to shoddy work, absenteeism, and high rates of turnover. Section 3: Contemporary views on motivation 3.1 Equity Theory. In this section four different contemporary views on motivation will be discussed these motivation theories can help managers understand how to motivate their staff. These four theories are equity theory, expectancy theory, reinforcement theory, and goal setting theory. These four theories are all different views on motivation each theory will be discussed in details below. Equity theory will be discussed first. The equity theory of motivation is based on the fact that people are motivated first to achieve and then to maintain a sense of equity. Equity refers to the distribution of rewards in direct equality to the contribution of each employee to the organization. Everyone needs not to receive the same rewards, but the rewards should be in accordance with individual contributions. According to the theory, the idea of equity is as follows: 1) First, a development of an input-to-outcome ratio. Inputs are the things that are contributed to the organization. Outcomes are the things we get from the organization, e.g. a hard working employee who gets well paid by his organization he works for. 2) Next, a comparison of this ratio is made with what we perceive as the input-to-outcome ratio for some other person, called the comparison other. 3) If the two ratios are roughly the same, you feel that the organization is treating you equitably and are motivated to leave things as they are. If our ratio is the lower of the two, you will feel under rewarded and are motivated to change things you may decrease your own inputs by not working so hard, leave the work situation or try to increase our total outcomes by asking for a raise in pay. This shows that the equity theory is most relevant to pay as an outcome. It is important for an organization to know how much work each employee produces and if they are well paid, it is certainly not fair if an employee who does not work hard gets paid a reasonable amount of money and an other employee who does work hard is underpaid, not only will this employee get unmotivated but it might lead to resignation from the company. 3.2 Expectancy Theory. Expectancy theory, developed by Victor Vroom is a very complex model of motivation that is based on a simple assumption. According to expectancy theory, motivation depends on how much we want something and on how likely we are to get it. A short scenario is given below to understand this model of motivation. Two airline sales reservations agents who are candidates for promotion to one sales reservations manager’s job. Bill has had a very good sales year and always gets good performance evaluations. But he is not sure he wants the job because it requires a great deal of travel, long working hours, and much stress and pressure. Susan wants the job as much as Bill, and she thinks she has a good chance of getting it. Her sales have improved this past year, and her evaluations are the best in the company. Expectancy theory would predict that Bill is not very motivated to seek the promotion. But Susan is very motivated to seek the promotion, because she wants it and thinks she can get it. Expectancy theory is complex because each action that is taken is likely to lead to several different outcomes, some that we may want and others that we may not want. For example, if people work hard and put in a lot of extra hours, several things may happen. They may get a pay raise, they may be promoted, they may gain valuable new job skills or it might have bad outcomes such as having less time to spend with their families and cut back on social life. Expectancy theory has several useful guidelines for managers. It suggests that managers must recognize the following: 1) Employees work for a variety of reasons. 2) These reasons, or expected outcomes, may change over time. 3) It is necessary to clearly show employees how they can attain the outcomes they desire. Basically the expectancy theory shows that getting promoted or getting a better job position could lead to outcomes the employees would not want. Getting better paid or promoted would not conclude that the employee will get motivated as we have seen in the above scenario where Bill has a good sales year and always gets good performance evaluations but he does not want the job because it requires long working hours and stress. Paula would be more suitable for the job because she is highly motivated and can probably deal with the requirements and the negative outcomes such as cutting back on social life. 3.3 Reinforcement Theory Reinforcement theory states that behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated, whereas behavior that has been punished is less likely to recur. Reinforcement is an action that follows directly from a particular behavior. Reinforcements can be used in a number of different ways: *A positive reinforcement strengthens desired behavior by providing a reward e.g. an customer service agent at the airport who took over her colleagues jobs because they were absent and dealt with all the issues at once, she could be rewarded for her hard work which might get her motivated to work harder and take up more tasks at once. *Punishment is an undesired consequence that follows from undesirable behavior e.g.a flight attendant who is rude to her customers might get punished or be given a warning, this way this behavior might not occur again. Reinforcement can work effectively but in general, positive reinforcement might be the most effective action because as it states behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated. Section 4.1: Identifying Ryanair’s currently motivation problems at work and an evaluation of their effort. Ryanairs is a ‘’no-frills’’ airline but it has a high turnover according to Shay Cody, the deputy general secretary of the Irish trade union Impact Ryanair has a very oppressive regime and they have extremely high staff turnover, particularly among junior pilots and cabin crew .Staff are expected to pay for their own uniforms, crew meals and training courses. It requires staff to pay as much as  £2,700 upfront for training. Many workers from the United Kingdom have left their jobs with Ryanair and as result the company is recruiting now contract labour from agencies as far away as the Baltic States and Poland. Pilots were recently told that in order to graduate from older planes to newer aircraft, they would have to pay for their own retraining. A cabin crew who works for Ryanair writes her experiences on a website where she says: ‘’Ryanair does not care about its cabin crew and just takes the most they possibly can squeeze out of us. After a twelve hour day without a break, I do not have the energy to be nice to passengers or check that my nail polish is still on. Come on Ryanair start valuing what we do because without us you could not fly4’’ The employees and especially the cabin crew of Ryanair tend to be not dealing nicely with passengers. The statement of the employee of Ryanair above explains us what the cause is, the employees themselves work hard and are undervalued and have to work many hours without a break this leaves them exhausted and stressed and makes it hard for them to deal nicely to passengers. Not only will there be a high turnover but also Ryanair might lose more customers over time because of the bad customer service of the unmotivated and tired employees. 4.2 Ryainair’s Low Salaries. It is clear that Ryanair cabin crews are not getting the wages they deserve for the hard work they put in. Long flight hours, little rest time, all of this deserves better pay and proper compensation. Staff in workplaces with a union and a collective agreement gets better pay and conditions, and better income. This is true for most full-service airlines as well as low-cost carriers. Easy jet for example has a collective agreement, and staff earns better. Ryanair might need an Union not only will the turnover decrease but also the companies reputation might get better, cheap flight tickets might not be enough in the long run to be successful as a no frill airline business. There are different no frills airlines and many of them do not suffer from such a dramatic high turnover as Ryanair does it certainly does not mean that operating as an inexpensive airline gives them the right to undervalue their employees. It is important for any company to understand that without their employees there is no business, every employee should be treated fair enough and should been given a working environment they can cope with. Working 12 hours without a break is inhuman; paying for training or uniforms is certainly not acceptable especially in a company where the employees are underpaid. As mentioned before in this assignment it explains that human resource management plays a key role in the success of the operations task in training and motivating the right kind of personnel for the organization, human resource management is responsible for how people are treated in an organization, helping them perform their work and solving problems that might arise. The question that here is: Is there a human resource management department in Ryanairs organization? If there is one than it does not seem that this department is of any help for the employees or for the organization itself. In overall it seems that there is no motivation from the employees because Ryainair does not seem to know how to motivate their own staff which leads to low morale because they are certainly not satisfied this again leads to poor work, absenteeism, and high rates of turnover. Section 5: Exploring the relationship between the effective employment of appropriate recruitment and selection strategies and their impact on staff motivation. 5.1 Staff Selection and Recruitment. Careful recruitment of the right kind of personnel is an important step, recruitment should be seen as a powerful tool in itself for enhancing and maintaining the organisation’s standing and image. For Ryanair in this case, it is necessary to know that their high turnover is affecting their reputation as an overall company, it might be easy for the time being to hire new employees every time an employee leaves the company possible but with time when more people leave Ryanair the reputation of the company and its image might get seriously affected and as a result it can get hard to employee new staff. There are certain steps a company has to go through to recruit new staff from vacancies to arranging interviews and train the new employees but most important that when these steps are taken and training and development follows after the recruitment process it can have a major positive affect on the company. 5.2 Recruitment Methods Used by Ryanair and the Impact It Has On Staff Motivation. Ryanair follows the normal procedure of recruiting new staff starting from advertising and vacancies to interviewing and testing and than training but it does fall out on the proper training and development some staff has to pay for their own training. They arrange interviews by sending out letters to successful applicants where the interview is held at a venue and everyone has to go through a test those who are successful are to be interviewed. The successful interviewers will than be recruited and trained by Ryanair. Training and development might be poor but it has to be understood by Ryanair that training opportunities provided by them can help create personal job satisfaction and help them retaining their personnel. It does not seem that Ryanair itself put much effort in the training procedure and therefore many employees get unmotivated provide poor work results, are rude to customers because they are stressed out and might not know how to deal properly with their tasks because the training has been poor and as a result to that they leave their jobs. Section 6: Conclusion Motivation is the essential tool to help reduce high turnover as this assignment has shown if it was for Ryanairs employees the main reason for the high turnover is the fact that they are not motivated enough and do not have a high morale. There are different theories that could be put in practice to solve this issue and to help the managers at this airline and learn the reasons for job dissatisfaction of their employees, their reasons for not performing well at their current job and what could help them do solve these problems. In overall different motivation theories could help Ryanair’s managers reduce staff turnover.The training staff selection and recruitment goes through the ordinary stages mainly all staff can only be recruited by applying through vacancies on their website or via job agencies, but staff has to pay for training upfront, this is a main concern as one of the most important tool to motivation is by training the employees and help them to develop their skilss. Section 7: Recommendations. For every company it is important to treat their staff properly because without them the company could not operate. Ryanair seems not to care about their reputation; the high turnover is a major issue and it should be decreased, applicants looking for a job in the future would not want to apply for Ryanair because of its bad reputation and image towards employees. The staff tends to be rude to customers and lacks in its customer service it does not matter that the tickets are inexpensive, competition in no frills airlines is playing a major role recently and will continue to become bigger. Customers therefore will fly with another airline with the same prices as Ryanair but with better customer service. This motivation problem that is Ryanair is currently addressing will have not only an impact on staff turnover but also on its image and maybe their profits in the future. The staff is underpaid and it would be a good idea if Ryanair would go with a union this will help the employees having to secure that there will be help if they might need it and the employees salary might increase. Training should be continuously to help them develop their skills at their jobs. Furthermore it is from major concern to address the reasons of the high turnover which are the fact that the employees have to pay for training, staff is not appreciated, work many hours with less break and are underpaid. In result of solving these issues the employees will be motivated, have higher morale and produce better work. Different solutions are there to help motivate their staff for example by giving them incentives such as rewards and bonuses or facilities to such as gym memberships this will help them feel appreciated and valued for the work they produce. As last not to forget customers will also be treated better which decreases the chance of losing the business and boosts up the reputation and image of Ryanair. References Books: Cooper, C., Fletcher J.,Gilbert D. Wanhill S.(1998) Tourism Principles and Practises, Second Edition, Addison Wesley Longman Singapore(Pte)Ltd, Singapore Woodruffe, H. (1995) Service Marketing, 1st Edition, Pitman Publishing, London Websites: answers.com/topic/human-resource-management paedpsych.jk.uni-linz.ac.at/INTERNET/arbeitsblaetterord/LERNTECHNIKORD/Motivation2.html guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,3604,1468517,00.html management-issues.com/2006/5/25/blog/ryanair-staff-bite-back.asp ryan-be-fair.org Research Papers on Human Resource Management(Ryanair’s Motivation Problems)The Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThree Concepts of PsychodynamicIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part OneEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Educational Equality essays

Educational Equality essays From the formation of the United States of America, equality has been regarded as an unalienable right given to all. It sounds nice but actually equality is something that Americans have had to fight for. When addressing equality of education many disparities exist, ranging from race, gender, class, and disability. The thought that all children, regardless of these classifications, have the right to equally begin public education in America is a false statement. Due to the way state governments allocate funding, American public schools are not equal by any means. The first issue I would like to address is that of inclusion regarding children with disabilities. This is very important when discussing value of equality to children. I believe it is important for children to be in a least restrictive environment. This environment may very well be a regular education classroom or may be a separate school. However, much research and discussion should go into this decision, which is ultimately agreed upon by the childs parents. Placing kids in their least restrictive environment allows them to have the social ability to grow not regress. Special education has come along way and careful inclusion has been a major step in a positive direction. The relation to class and race inequity in public schools goes hand in hand. I find it rather appalling that schools have not changed much from separate but equal except in the way that they are know separate and unequal. According to Nelson, white students in America attend school with 81% other white students and the same for non-white students. This separation can be linked to social class and school funding. Why is it fair that more money goes to school districts with higher property tax? I understand the financial side but how then can it be considered equal. Fact of the matter is that it is not eq ...

PESTEL of Arsenal Football Club Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PESTEL of Arsenal Football Club - Essay Example The economic condition of the club is really good compared to other clubs; the club has sold players in the recent past at a good profit. The transfer of Samir Nasri from Arsenal to Manchester City was a really good deal for the club, the transfer of Fabregas from Arsenal to Barcelona was also a really good transfer for the club money wise. Economically the club is quite sound, they also generate revenue by selling season tickets and their stadium is arguably one of the best stadiums in Europe. â€Å"Socially the club is really famous and has a large fan base but the fan base can always improve, Arsenal can tap the untapped markets. India is a largely untapped market and Arsenal can easily tap the Indian market but a lot of homework needs to be done in order to do so.† (Hornby, Nick, 1992) Technologically Arsenal is far ahead of most clubs, the club offers all the latest facilities to the players and the coaching staff. The gym is equipped with the most modern of all facilities so that the players can make the full use of the resources available. Environment wise Arsenal needs to do more, the fans often leave trash after almost every game and this is degrading the environment to a large extent, they do not use bins and end up polluting the environment. This needs to be sorted out by the club so that they do not play a role in degrading the environment. ... Legally the club is in safe hands, the financial fair play regulations brought in by UEFA will not affect the club because it does not spend money excessively, this rule will take a toll on clubs like Manchester City, Chelsea and so on. SWOT Analysis of Arsenal Football Club Arsenal football club is a very famous club based out of England. It is located in North London and has a very huge fan following. It is also known as the Gunners, the club has gone from strength to strength. Arsene Wenger is the present manager and he has done a fantastic job at the club. The club used to play at Highbury earlier but they have invested a lot of money in building a new stadium â€Å"Emirates Stadium†. The club does not shell out big money in the transfer market and still finish in the top four more often than not in the Barclays Premier League. Arsene Wenger has made some very sagacious signings off late, Arshavin was bought from Saint Petersburg Russia and he has been a sensational signin g for the club. Other major signings include Gallas who was bought from Chelsea, Thomas Vermaelen who was bought from Ajax. Strengths Emirates Stadium: â€Å"The new Emirates Stadium is one of the biggest strengths of Arsenal Football Club; the revenue generated is huge from the tickets and other exhibition events that take place at the stadium. The club can invest a little more in the stadium so as to accommodate more supporters, this will fetch more money through tickets and the club will end up making more revenue.† (Joy, Bernard,  1952) Players: Some of the players who play for Arsenal are world class players and the club should capitalize on the same. A lot of money can be generated through

CAUSAL ANALYSIS ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CAUSAL ANALYSIS - Essay Example It seemed like a trend among my peers to get married a few years after completing high school. My best friend and classmate in high school got married a few months after we had cleared high school. I was tempted to take the same path but took a different path eventually. I knew I needed to join college but also knew that I could study online. I met Jenny in junior high in my first year; she perfectly fitted what I termed as the girl of my dreams. We were in the same class but not the same stream. We were both chosen to represent our school in an inter-school competition. I am a generally introverted and so I decided to sit alone at the back of the bus. For most of the trip, I pondered about different things and tried to think of what the future held for me. At some point, I dosed off only to be woken up by this beautiful girl standing besides me. I thought I was dreaming at first as I raised my head for a split moment before and dosing off again. She went ahead and sat next to me and nudged me to wake up. I eventually did and she introduced herself to me. Through out the trip we engage in a positive and constructive chat. Jenny was every man’s or should I say every boy’s dream in school; she was a smart, sharp, eloquent, beautiful, and hardworking. She seemed to know everything about everything. She was outgoing and a favorite of every teacher for her intelligence. Many of the boys in school had tried to befriend her but felt belittled by her smartness and level of intelligence. Although everyone in school thought we were dating, it never got into my head that I was engaged in a serious relationship. Gradually, I realized we had so much in common and my reserved nature gradually became more accommodative of her. We had a normal relationship with normal challenges for a long time until one day she brought up the subject of marriage. Not that we had never discussed the subject before†¦ she only brought up the subject without mincing words. We made a

Comparative Analysis - Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton Essay Example for Free

Comparative Analysis Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton Essay The two speeches orated by Elie Wiesel and Hilary Rodham Clinton were delivered in 1995 to influence change. Wiesel’s, ‘Listen to the silent screams’ was delivered at Auschwitz. World leaders and survivors listened as he influenced the audience to act upon racial hatred and religious extremism. Clinton delivered her speech at the United Nations 4th conference on Women’s Rights Plenary Session in Beijing. This is ironic given China’s poor record for human rights violations, particularly against females. Delegates and women from all over the world came to hear her rebuttal, ‘Women’s rights are human rights’. Both Wiesel’s and Clinton’s speeches are relevant today as both their aspirations of human rights for all have not yet been fully realised. Both speakers broadcast their message by addressing the audience through exhibiting their authority and rhetorical devices. Both speakers establish authority and credibility for themselves as speakers and for their cause in different ways. Wiesel is authoritative as he has lived through the Holocaust, whereas Clinton is authoritative as she is an active feminist. Wiesel addresses his audience by using personal pronouns to create equality, â€Å"I speak to you as a man, who 50 years and nine days ago had no name, no hope, no future and was known only by his number, A7713†. This statistical information shows the formality of the occasion and establishes that being in Auschwitz has influenced his view on humanity. He â€Å"has seen what humanity has done to itself by trying to exterminate an entire people and inflict suffering and humiliation and death on so many others. Wiesel does not specifically identify one group of people for doing this; he influences the audience to understand whole of humanity was responsible for Auschwitz. Contrastingly, Clinton establishes her authority by being female, by being indefatigable, and by speaking to and for women from all over the world. She states, â€Å"Over the past 25 years I have worked persistently on issues relating to women, children and families. † This shows she is serious about women’s right, it is something she strongly believes in, and her commitment to the cause is absolute. Clinton has worked on women’s rights for â€Å"the past 25 years†. Not only is she committed, in addition she brings experience. By listing countries in which she has talked to mothers about their issues, â€Å"I have met new mothers in Indonesia Denmark South Africa India Bangladesh Belarus Ukraine Chernobyl †, she highlights her credibility to appear influential and qualified to act as a voice on their behalf. She has met mothers who are voiceless, now she has the responsibility to speak out, to be the one voice that is heard. Both speakers establish their authority by validating their cause and using rhetorical devices . Wiesel uses emotive language and imagery, whereas Clinton appeals to fact. Imagery is used in Wiesel’s speech to capture the surreality of the Holocaust. Clinton uses fact to update the audience with reality of the world, and influences the audience with statistical information. Wiesel uses representative figures of mothers and old men and women, â€Å"Listen to the silent screams of terrified mothers, the prayers of anguished old men and women. † The use of the emotively loaded adjectives ‘terrified’ and ‘anguished’ shows the reader their vulnerability. Prayers’, shows helplessness and desperation as there was nothing they could do but hope. Their prayers went unanswered, as did the silent screams. Wiesel uses anaphora and imperative to influence the reader the dead have never been laid to rest, â€Å"Listen to the tears of children, Jewish children, a beautiful little girl among them, with golden hair, whose vulnerable tenderness has never left me. † Wiesel influences the audience to pity the children, the most innocent of mankind. He achieves this by describing a representative figure who stands for all Jewish children. Through the description of, ‘vulnerable tenderness’ he emphasises the frailty and innocence of children, while showing that this was brutally crushed. There was no mercy. The weak were tormented, the most innocent were sentenced to a death both unimaginable and undignified, â€Å"Look and listen as they quietly walk towards dark flames so gigantic that the planet itself seemed in danger. † The metaphor shows the quantity and mass of the deaths, that people were being murdered on such a large scale that it seemed as if the whole world would be consumed. In contrast to Wiesel, Clinton used statistics throughout her speech to underline the importance of women’s rights. Statistics were used to give the reader an idea of scale, â€Å"Women comprise more than half the world’s population, 70% of the world’s poor, and two-thirds of those who are not taught to read and write. † Incorporating researched data gives realism and urgency. When statistics are used the audience is able to comprehend what is happening and who is involved. By using examples Clinton is telling the audience it should not be a problem as it involves at least half of the world’s population. Clinton gives examples from all over the world of what is happening, one of them being, â€Å"It is a violation of human rights when babies are denied food, or drowned, or suffocated, or their spines broken, simply because they are born girls†. Notice in this it is not only stated as a violation of women’s rights, but a violation of human rights. We are human, and we have rights. The violence needs to stop; in the name of humanity as a whole. Both Wiesel and Clinton are telling the world through the power of rhetoric, that change is needed. These speeches are relevant and persistent today. The issue of effectively opposing religious fanaticism, racial hate, and building gender equality have enduring relevance in all countries. With, â€Å" let us stop the bloodshed in Bosnia, Rwanda and Chechnia; the vicious and ruthless terror attacks against Jews in the Holy Land†, Wiesel is saying humanity has turned on itself before, and suffered before, yet we have not learned. He commands we must â€Å"reject and oppose more effectively religious fanaticism and racial hate†. Allow the Holocaust to be the past, Wiesel urges we must focus on a safer future for our children so that the millions who died in the Holocaust did not do so in vain. Clinton speaks to the world, urging the importance of gender equality, â€Å"Even now, in the late 20th century, the rape of women continues to be used as an instrument of armed conflict†. In this she gives an example of why gender equality needs to occur by giving an example of what is happening today. Both speakers influence the audience through exhibiting their authority and use of power, they show that these issues are pressing and cannot be ignored.

Ugly Ambition in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Ugly Ambition in Macbeth       The Bard of Avon saturates the pages of the tragedy Macbeth with ugly feelings of ambition - unprincipled ambition which is ready to kill for itself. Let's thoroughly search out the major instances of ambitious behavior by the husband-wife team.    In "Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action" Francis Fergusson states the place of Macbeth's ambition in the action of the play:    It is the phrase "to outrun the pauser, reason [2.3]," which seems to me to describe the action, or motive, of the play as a whole. Macbeth, of course, literally means that his love for Duncan was so strong and so swift that it got ahead of his reason, which would have counseled a pause. But in the same way we have seen his greed and ambition outrun his reason when he committed the murder; and in the same way all of the characters, in the irrational darkness of Scotland's evil hour, are compelled in their action to strive beyond what they can see by reason alone. Even Malcolm and Macduff, as we shall see, are compelled to go beyond reason in the action which destroys Macbeth and ends the play. (106-7)    Fanny Kemble in "Lady Macbeth" refers to the ambition of Lady Macbeth:      [. . .] to have seen Banquo's ghost at the banqueting table ... and persisted in her fierce mocking of her husband's terror would have been impossible to human nature. The hypothesis makes Lady Macbeth a monster, and there is no such thing in all Shakespeare's plays. That she is godless, and ruthless in the pursuit of the objects of her ambition, does not make her such. (118)    In "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth," Sarah Siddons mentions the ambition of Lady Macbeth and its effect:    [Re "I have given suck" (1.7.54ff.)] Even here, horrific as she is, she shews herself made by ambition, but not by nature, a perfectly savage creature. The very use of such a tender allusion in the midst of her dreadful language, persuades one unequivocally that she has really felt the maternal yearnings of a mother towards her babe, and that she considered this action the most enormous that ever required the strength of human nerves for its perpetration. Her language to Macbeth is the most potently eloquent that guilt could use.

Regulatory Risks Essay

Risks are inherent to all business organizations. Risk management often considers several areas of practice and is an absolute necessity, not merely an option. The author will discuss regulatory risks for organizations, and explain how they can be identified and managed. Risk management requires considering and weighing risks and implementing procedures to monitor and moderate them. Risk Identification Overview Legislative and executive branches of the United States government have enacted laws that regulate all businesses.  Thousands of administrative agencies are authorized by Congress to administer and enforce statutes by regulating businesses. Administrative agencies are typically given executive power to investigate and prosecute potential infringement of statutes, administrative rules, and administrative orders (Cheeseman, 2010). Intentional Torts, Negligence, and Liability While no organization’s risks are identical to another’s, several can be identified and applied to organizations in general. There are three categories of â€Å"wrong:† intentional torts, unintentional torts, and strict liability. Intentional tort. This category of â€Å"wrong† requires that intent was present when harm was caused. Examples of intentional torts are assault, battery, and false imprisonment. The law safeguards individuals from uninvited touching, restraint, and any other contact (Cheeseman, 2010). Unintentional tort. Negligence is the â€Å"omission to do something which is a reasonable man would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do† (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 80). For a legitimate negligence lawsuit, several elements of negligence must be present: duty of care, reached duty, injury, act was the actual cause of injuries, and the negligent act was the legal cause of the injuries. Strict liability. Even if an individual was not negligent and had no intent, he can still be held legally liable for injuries caused by certain activities. Strict liability imposes legal responsibility for injuries sustained in the following: product liability, ultra-hazardous activities, animal care, and some statutory offenses (Butera, Beausang, Cohen, & Brennan, 2011). Disclosure of Agency Actions To prevent public perception of secrecy, Congress has allowed statutes to promote public disclosure of federal administrative agency actions, while at the same time protecting companies from overly public administrative agency actions. These statutes are the Freedom of Information Act, the Government in the Sunshine Act, the Equal Access to Justice Act, and the Privacy Act. Freedom of information act. This federal law allocates for full or limited disclosure of formerly unreleased information and documents. This law guarantee public access to government records and holds a presumption of disclosure. However, there are nine exemptions of the act. Government in the sunshine act. This law allows closed or partially closed advisory committee meetings. Closed or partially closed to the public are discussions of classified information, reviews of proprietary data, and deliberations that consider personnel privacy. Equal Access to Justice Act. A party who is subject to an action of an unjustified administrative agency can sue to recover attorney’s costs and other fees (Cornell University Law School, n. d. ). Privacy Act.  This act safe-keep records that ca be recovered from a system of records by personal identifiers like name or social security number. An individual can have access to his records and request correction if they are incomplete or inaccurate (Social Security Administration, 2011). Risk Management The Industrial Revolution caused substantial environmental pollution of solid and toxic wastes into the land and water. Companies such as Alumina, Inc. , were not efficient in voluntary pollution control, so the government took on its regulation and control (Cheeseman, 2010). Awareness of and compliance to these regulatory statutes may be the best risk management strategy available to companies who are at potential risk. Risk assessment and compliance are managed in together with one another. Compliance management includes three interrelated perspectives: preventive, detective, and corrective procedures. 80% of organizations report improvements from expanding their compliance regimens (BPM Forum, 2006). Preventive The easiest, most fiscally sound, fastest way to solve a problem is to prevent the problem in the first place. The best risk preventive practice for agencies such as Alumina, Inc is regulatory compliance. The government places a high level of importance on the preservation of the environment and has stringent means of enforcing compliance to environmental regulation. The best approach for achieving compliance, thus minimizing regulatory risk, is to have a preventative focus. Congress created the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 as a rule-making agency to hold hearings, make decisions, and order remedies for violations of environmental laws. Air and water quality standards are established that regulate pollution rates. If companies were compliant with enacted statutes at all times of business operations, such measures would prevent regulatory risks. Although Section 5 of the FTC Act prohibits unfair and deceptive practices, some companies are in violation. Part of preventive risk management, companies must avoid misleading or omitting information. Unsubstantiated claims and bait and switch tactics must be avoided as a preventive measure. Insurance, which is governed by the law of contracts, is designed for businesses to protect themselves against risk of loss. The law requires some companies to carry a minimum of $1 million of liability insurance, which will cover negligence, wrongful acts, and misconduct by the company (Cheeseman, 2010). Liability insurance will guarantee injured third parties compensation. This measure is both preventive and corrective. Detective Compliance evaluation inspections and audits will not serve as a preventive measure; however serve to detect possible risks and is an â€Å"after-the-fact† approach. Compliance is defined as ensuring business procedures, operations, and practices are in concord with a given set of norms (Sadiq & Governatori, 2010). Detective measures are based on reporting and conducting internal and external audits. Changing legislatures and compliance requirements make it difficult to detect. â€Å"The diversity, scale and complexity of compliance requirements warrant a highly systematic and well-grounded approach,† (Lu, Sadiq, & Governatori, 2008, p. 345). Corrective Measures Organizations can raise several defenses as corrective measures against liability. While maintaining public image and damage control, defenses must be ethical in resolving potentially damaging lawsuits. Alternative Dispute Resolution. Negotiation is a simple form of alternative dispute resolution, and includes only the parties involved in the dispute. Negotiation is resolved when the parties reach a voluntary resolution. Mediation is another popular form of alternative dispute resolution. It is available through individuals and organizations like the American Arbitration Association and some court systems. Alternative dispute resolution is an attractive way to resolve disputes because of its speed and the empowerment of the involved parties. Court litigation is slow, expensive, and has uncertain results. Organizations can hold back sensitive business information from public dissemination. This will protect the disclosure of information that could hurt foreign policy or national defense, privacy of individuals, proprietary interests of business, functioning of the government, and other interests (HRSA, 2011). Corrective measures vary from the initiation of a new regulation, to breech reporting, to the company coming under surveillance and scrutiny by a control authority. In the worst-case scenario, a company can undergo an enforceable undertaking (Lu, Sadiq, & Governatori, 2008). The company will position itself favorably with regulators and other controlling authorities if corrective measures are undertaken with a proactive approach. Conclusion The states as well as the federal government administer and enforce laws related to safety. Companies are required to comply with the regulations and legal procedures of regulatory agencies just as much as they are required to follow federal laws. Managers must be aware of, and comply with federal and state laws that govern their business. Aligning business objectives with regulations and legislation will minimize tort and regulatory risks and improve business performance.